From a3f957f529dffb7dbea5c18a1286b2e7f93ffd67 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alicestrt <alice.strt@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 1 Dec 2020 15:37:21 +0100
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+Title: First thing
+Date: 2020-11-13 16:46
+Category: Projections
+
+First website page!
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+Title: The Philosophy of Warnings
+Author: Santiago Zabala
+Category: Articles
+<div class="colophon">
+<p> Published by: <br> Editing: <br> Design <br> Paper <br> Typeface <br>
+</p><p id="colophon_right"> Sponsors: <br> Thanks: <br> Other <br>
+ </p></div>
+<div class="first-page">
+<div id="title_edition">Of Whirlpools and Tornadoes <br> A Nourishing Network</div>
+<div id="amro">AMRO 2020</div>
+
+<div id="author">Santiago Zabala</div>
+<div id="title">The Philosophy of Warnings</div>
+
+
+
+<div id="published">Published in the *Institute of Arts and Ideas*  </div>
+</div>
+<header id="pageheader-issue">A Nourishing Network</header>
+<header id="pageheader-theme">The Philosophy of Warnings</header>
+<header id="pagefooter">)))))</header>
+
+<div class="essay_content">
+<p>This month an undergraduate student told me his parents were using the
+pandemic to persuade him to avoid philosophy as it could not prevent or
+solve real emergencies. I told him to let them know that we find
+ourselves in this global emergency because we haven't thought
+philosophically *enough*. The increasingly narrow focus of experts this
+century has prevented us from addressing problems from a global
+perspective, which has always been the distinctive approach of
+philosophy. This is evident in the little consideration we give to
+warnings. Too often these are discarded as useless or
+insignificant---much like philosophy---when in fact they are vital.
+Though philosophers can't solve an ongoing emergency---philosophy was
+never meant to solve anything---we can interpret their signs through a
+"philosophy of warnings." Although this philosophy probably won't change
+the views of my student's parents, it might help us to reevaluate our
+political, environmental, and technological priorities for the future.</p>
+
+<p>Like recent philosophies of plants or
+[[insects]{.underline}](http://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-philosophy-of-the-insect/9780231175791),
+which emerged as a response to a global environmental crisis, a
+"philosophy of warnings" is also a reaction to a global emergency that
+requires philosophical elucidation. Although the ongoing pandemic has
+triggered this new stance it isn't limited to this event. Nor is it
+completely new. Warnings have been a topic of philosophical
+investigation for centuries. The difference lies in the meaning these
+concepts have acquired now. Before philosophy we had prophets to tell us
+to be alert to the warnings of the Gods, but we secularized that office
+into that of the philosopher, who, as one among equals, advised to heed
+the signs; to use our imagination, because that is all we got. The
+current pandemic has shown how little prepared we were for a global
+emergency, even one whose coming has been
+[[announced]{.underline}](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/experts-warned-pandemic-decades-ago-why-not-ready-for-coronavirus/)
+for decades. But why haven't we been able to take these warnings
+seriously? Before tackling this question, let's recall how warnings have
+been addressed philosophically.</p>
+
+<p>Examples of warning philosophy can be traced back to Greek mythology and
+Plato\'s *Apology*. Apollo provided Cassandra with the gift of prophecy
+even though she could not convince others of the validity of her
+predictions, and Socrates warned the Athenians---after he was sentenced
+to death---that their inequity and mendacity undermined the democracy
+they claimed to honor. Against Gaston Bachelard, who coined the term
+"Cassandra complex" to refer to the idea that events could be known in
+advance, Theodore Adorno warned that any claim to know the future should
+be avoided. It is probably in this spirit that Walter Benjamin warned we
+should pull the brake on the train of progress as it was stacking
+disaster upon disaster. In line with Hannah Arendt's warnings of the
+reemergence of totalitarianism after the Second World War, Giorgio
+Agamben began his book on the current pandemic with "A Warning":
+biosecurity will now serve governments to rule through a new form of
+tyranny called "technological-sanitary" despotism.</p>
+
+<p>These examples illustrate the difference between warnings and
+predictions. Warnings are sustained by signs in the present that request
+our involvement, as Benjamin suggests. Predictions call out what will
+take place regardless of our actions, a future as the only continuation
+of the present, but warnings instead point toward what is to come and
+are meant involve us in a radical break, a discontinuity with the
+present signaled by alarming signs that we are asked to confront. The
+problem is not the involvement warnings request from us but rather
+whether we are willing to confront them at all. The volume of vital
+warnings that we ignore---climate change, social inequality, refugee
+crises---is alarming; it has become our greatest emergency.</p>
+
+<p>Indifference towards warnings is rooted in the ongoing global return to
+order and realism in the twenty-first century. This return is not only
+political, as demonstrated by the various right-wing populist forces
+that have taken office around the world, but also cultural as the return
+of some contemporary
+[[intellectuals]{.underline}](https://arcade.stanford.edu/blogs/returning-order-through-realism)
+to Eurocentric Cartesian realism demonstrates. The idea that we can
+still claim access to truth without being dependent upon interpretation
+presupposes that knowledge of objective facts is enough to guide our
+lives. Within this theoretical framework warnings are cast off as
+unfounded, contingent, and subjective, even though philosophers of
+science such as Bruno Latour continue to
+[[remind]{.underline}](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Down+to+Earth%3A+Politics+in+the+New+Climatic+Regime-p-9781509530564)
+us that no "attested knowledge can stand on its own." The internet and,
+in particular, social media have intensified this realist view, further
+discrediting traditional vectors of legitimation (international
+agencies, major newspapers, or credentialed academics) and rendering any
+tweet by an anonymous blogger credible because it presents itself as
+transparent, direct, and genuine. "The quickness of social media, as
+Judith Butler [[pointed
+out]{.underline}](https://www.newstatesman.com/international/2020/09/judith-butler-culture-wars-jk-rowling-and-living-anti-intellectual-times),
+allows for forms of vitriol that do not exactly support thoughtful
+debate."</p>
+
+<p>Our inability to take warnings seriously has devastating consequences,
+as recent months make clear. The central argument in favor of a
+philosophy of warnings is not whether what it warns of comes to pass but
+rather the pressure it exercises against those emergencies hidden and
+subsumed under the global call to order. This pressure demands that our
+political, environmental, and technological priorities be reconsidered,
+revealing the alarming signs of democratic backsliding, biodiversity
+loss, and commodification of our lives by surveillance capitalism. These
+warnings are also why we should oppose any demand to "return to
+normality," which signals primarily a desire to ignore what caused this
+pandemic in the first place. A philosophy of warnings seeks to alter and
+interrupt the reality we've become accustomed to.</p>
+
+<p>Although a philosophy of warnings will not prevent future emergencies,
+it will resist the ongoing silencing of emergencies under the guise of
+realism by challenging our framed global order and its realist
+advocates. This philosophy is not meant to rescue us *from* emergencies
+but rather rescue us *into* emergencies that we are trained to ignore.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="bio">
+[[Santiago Zabala]{.underline}](http://www.santiagozabala.com/) is ICREA
+Research Professor of Philosophy at the Pompeu Fabra University in
+Barcelona. His most recent book is *Being at Large: Freedom in the Age
+of Alternative Facts* (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2020).</div>
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