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Santiago Zabala
***The Philosophy of Warnings***
([[Published in the *Institute of Arts and Ideas* on October 7, <div id="title_edition">Title of the publication</div>
2020]{.underline}](https://iai.tv/articles/the-philosophy-of-warnings-auid-1646)) <div id="amro">AMRO Servus etc</div>
This month an undergraduate student told me his parents were using the
<div class="title">The Philosophy of Warnings</div>
<div class="author">Santiago Zabala</div>
<div class="published">Published in the *Institute of Arts and Ideas* on October 7,
2020</div>
<header id="pageheader">Some stuff here in the header</header>
<div class="essay_content">
<p>This month an undergraduate student told me his parents were using the
pandemic to persuade him to avoid philosophy as it could not prevent or pandemic to persuade him to avoid philosophy as it could not prevent or
solve real emergencies. I told him to let them know that we find solve real emergencies. I told him to let them know that we find
ourselves in this global emergency because we haven't thought ourselves in this global emergency because we haven't thought
@ -19,9 +29,9 @@ Though philosophers can't solve an ongoing emergency---philosophy was
never meant to solve anything---we can interpret their signs through a never meant to solve anything---we can interpret their signs through a
"philosophy of warnings." Although this philosophy probably won't change "philosophy of warnings." Although this philosophy probably won't change
the views of my student's parents, it might help us to reevaluate our the views of my student's parents, it might help us to reevaluate our
political, environmental, and technological priorities for the future. political, environmental, and technological priorities for the future.</p>
Like recent philosophies of plants or <p>Like recent philosophies of plants or
[[insects]{.underline}](http://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-philosophy-of-the-insect/9780231175791), [[insects]{.underline}](http://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-philosophy-of-the-insect/9780231175791),
which emerged as a response to a global environmental crisis, a which emerged as a response to a global environmental crisis, a
"philosophy of warnings" is also a reaction to a global emergency that "philosophy of warnings" is also a reaction to a global emergency that
@ -38,9 +48,9 @@ emergency, even one whose coming has been
[[announced]{.underline}](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/experts-warned-pandemic-decades-ago-why-not-ready-for-coronavirus/) [[announced]{.underline}](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/experts-warned-pandemic-decades-ago-why-not-ready-for-coronavirus/)
for decades. But why haven't we been able to take these warnings for decades. But why haven't we been able to take these warnings
seriously? Before tackling this question, let's recall how warnings have seriously? Before tackling this question, let's recall how warnings have
been addressed philosophically. been addressed philosophically.</p>
Examples of warning philosophy can be traced back to Greek mythology and <p>Examples of warning philosophy can be traced back to Greek mythology and
Plato\'s *Apology*. Apollo provided Cassandra with the gift of prophecy Plato\'s *Apology*. Apollo provided Cassandra with the gift of prophecy
even though she could not convince others of the validity of her even though she could not convince others of the validity of her
predictions, and Socrates warned the Athenians---after he was sentenced predictions, and Socrates warned the Athenians---after he was sentenced
@ -54,9 +64,9 @@ disaster upon disaster. In line with Hannah Arendt's warnings of the
reemergence of totalitarianism after the Second World War, Giorgio reemergence of totalitarianism after the Second World War, Giorgio
Agamben began his book on the current pandemic with "A Warning": Agamben began his book on the current pandemic with "A Warning":
biosecurity will now serve governments to rule through a new form of biosecurity will now serve governments to rule through a new form of
tyranny called "technological-sanitary" despotism. tyranny called "technological-sanitary" despotism.</p>
These examples illustrate the difference between warnings and <p>These examples illustrate the difference between warnings and
predictions. Warnings are sustained by signs in the present that request predictions. Warnings are sustained by signs in the present that request
our involvement, as Benjamin suggests. Predictions call out what will our involvement, as Benjamin suggests. Predictions call out what will
take place regardless of our actions, a future as the only continuation take place regardless of our actions, a future as the only continuation
@ -66,9 +76,9 @@ present signaled by alarming signs that we are asked to confront. The
problem is not the involvement warnings request from us but rather problem is not the involvement warnings request from us but rather
whether we are willing to confront them at all. The volume of vital whether we are willing to confront them at all. The volume of vital
warnings that we ignore---climate change, social inequality, refugee warnings that we ignore---climate change, social inequality, refugee
crises---is alarming; it has become our greatest emergency. crises---is alarming; it has become our greatest emergency.</p>
Indifference towards warnings is rooted in the ongoing global return to <p>Indifference towards warnings is rooted in the ongoing global return to
order and realism in the twenty-first century. This return is not only order and realism in the twenty-first century. This return is not only
political, as demonstrated by the various right-wing populist forces political, as demonstrated by the various right-wing populist forces
that have taken office around the world, but also cultural as the return that have taken office around the world, but also cultural as the return
@ -90,9 +100,9 @@ transparent, direct, and genuine. "The quickness of social media, as
Judith Butler [[pointed Judith Butler [[pointed
out]{.underline}](https://www.newstatesman.com/international/2020/09/judith-butler-culture-wars-jk-rowling-and-living-anti-intellectual-times), out]{.underline}](https://www.newstatesman.com/international/2020/09/judith-butler-culture-wars-jk-rowling-and-living-anti-intellectual-times),
allows for forms of vitriol that do not exactly support thoughtful allows for forms of vitriol that do not exactly support thoughtful
debate." debate."</p>
Our inability to take warnings seriously has devastating consequences, <p>Our inability to take warnings seriously has devastating consequences,
as recent months make clear. The central argument in favor of a as recent months make clear. The central argument in favor of a
philosophy of warnings is not whether what it warns of comes to pass but philosophy of warnings is not whether what it warns of comes to pass but
rather the pressure it exercises against those emergencies hidden and rather the pressure it exercises against those emergencies hidden and
@ -103,14 +113,14 @@ loss, and commodification of our lives by surveillance capitalism. These
warnings are also why we should oppose any demand to "return to warnings are also why we should oppose any demand to "return to
normality," which signals primarily a desire to ignore what caused this normality," which signals primarily a desire to ignore what caused this
pandemic in the first place. A philosophy of warnings seeks to alter and pandemic in the first place. A philosophy of warnings seeks to alter and
interrupt the reality we've become accustomed to. interrupt the reality we've become accustomed to.</p>
Although a philosophy of warnings will not prevent future emergencies, <p>Although a philosophy of warnings will not prevent future emergencies,
it will resist the ongoing silencing of emergencies under the guise of it will resist the ongoing silencing of emergencies under the guise of
realism by challenging our framed global order and its realist realism by challenging our framed global order and its realist
advocates. This philosophy is not meant to rescue us *from* emergencies advocates. This philosophy is not meant to rescue us *from* emergencies
but rather rescue us *into* emergencies that we are trained to ignore. but rather rescue us *into* emergencies that we are trained to ignore.</p>
</div>
[[Santiago Zabala]{.underline}](http://www.santiagozabala.com/) is ICREA [[Santiago Zabala]{.underline}](http://www.santiagozabala.com/) is ICREA
Research Professor of Philosophy at the Pompeu Fabra University in Research Professor of Philosophy at the Pompeu Fabra University in
Barcelona. His most recent book is *Being at Large: Freedom in the Age Barcelona. His most recent book is *Being at Large: Freedom in the Age

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