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Santiago Zabala
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***The Philosophy of Warnings***
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([[Published in the *Institute of Arts and Ideas* on October 7,
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<div id="title_edition">Title of the publication</div>
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2020]{.underline}](https://iai.tv/articles/the-philosophy-of-warnings-auid-1646))
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<div id="amro">AMRO Servus etc</div>
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This month an undergraduate student told me his parents were using the
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<div class="title">The Philosophy of Warnings</div>
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<div class="author">Santiago Zabala</div>
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<div class="published">Published in the *Institute of Arts and Ideas* on October 7,
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2020</div>
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<header id="pageheader">Some stuff here in the header</header>
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<div class="essay_content">
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<p>This month an undergraduate student told me his parents were using the
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pandemic to persuade him to avoid philosophy as it could not prevent or
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pandemic to persuade him to avoid philosophy as it could not prevent or
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solve real emergencies. I told him to let them know that we find
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solve real emergencies. I told him to let them know that we find
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ourselves in this global emergency because we haven't thought
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ourselves in this global emergency because we haven't thought
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@ -19,9 +29,9 @@ Though philosophers can't solve an ongoing emergency---philosophy was
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never meant to solve anything---we can interpret their signs through a
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never meant to solve anything---we can interpret their signs through a
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"philosophy of warnings." Although this philosophy probably won't change
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"philosophy of warnings." Although this philosophy probably won't change
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the views of my student's parents, it might help us to reevaluate our
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the views of my student's parents, it might help us to reevaluate our
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political, environmental, and technological priorities for the future.
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political, environmental, and technological priorities for the future.</p>
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Like recent philosophies of plants or
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<p>Like recent philosophies of plants or
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[[insects]{.underline}](http://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-philosophy-of-the-insect/9780231175791),
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[[insects]{.underline}](http://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-philosophy-of-the-insect/9780231175791),
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which emerged as a response to a global environmental crisis, a
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which emerged as a response to a global environmental crisis, a
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"philosophy of warnings" is also a reaction to a global emergency that
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"philosophy of warnings" is also a reaction to a global emergency that
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@ -38,9 +48,9 @@ emergency, even one whose coming has been
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[[announced]{.underline}](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/experts-warned-pandemic-decades-ago-why-not-ready-for-coronavirus/)
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[[announced]{.underline}](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/experts-warned-pandemic-decades-ago-why-not-ready-for-coronavirus/)
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for decades. But why haven't we been able to take these warnings
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for decades. But why haven't we been able to take these warnings
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seriously? Before tackling this question, let's recall how warnings have
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seriously? Before tackling this question, let's recall how warnings have
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been addressed philosophically.
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been addressed philosophically.</p>
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Examples of warning philosophy can be traced back to Greek mythology and
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<p>Examples of warning philosophy can be traced back to Greek mythology and
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Plato\'s *Apology*. Apollo provided Cassandra with the gift of prophecy
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Plato\'s *Apology*. Apollo provided Cassandra with the gift of prophecy
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even though she could not convince others of the validity of her
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even though she could not convince others of the validity of her
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predictions, and Socrates warned the Athenians---after he was sentenced
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predictions, and Socrates warned the Athenians---after he was sentenced
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@ -54,9 +64,9 @@ disaster upon disaster. In line with Hannah Arendt's warnings of the
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reemergence of totalitarianism after the Second World War, Giorgio
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reemergence of totalitarianism after the Second World War, Giorgio
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Agamben began his book on the current pandemic with "A Warning":
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Agamben began his book on the current pandemic with "A Warning":
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biosecurity will now serve governments to rule through a new form of
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biosecurity will now serve governments to rule through a new form of
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tyranny called "technological-sanitary" despotism.
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tyranny called "technological-sanitary" despotism.</p>
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These examples illustrate the difference between warnings and
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<p>These examples illustrate the difference between warnings and
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predictions. Warnings are sustained by signs in the present that request
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predictions. Warnings are sustained by signs in the present that request
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our involvement, as Benjamin suggests. Predictions call out what will
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our involvement, as Benjamin suggests. Predictions call out what will
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take place regardless of our actions, a future as the only continuation
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take place regardless of our actions, a future as the only continuation
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@ -66,9 +76,9 @@ present signaled by alarming signs that we are asked to confront. The
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problem is not the involvement warnings request from us but rather
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problem is not the involvement warnings request from us but rather
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whether we are willing to confront them at all. The volume of vital
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whether we are willing to confront them at all. The volume of vital
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warnings that we ignore---climate change, social inequality, refugee
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warnings that we ignore---climate change, social inequality, refugee
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crises---is alarming; it has become our greatest emergency.
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crises---is alarming; it has become our greatest emergency.</p>
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Indifference towards warnings is rooted in the ongoing global return to
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<p>Indifference towards warnings is rooted in the ongoing global return to
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order and realism in the twenty-first century. This return is not only
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order and realism in the twenty-first century. This return is not only
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political, as demonstrated by the various right-wing populist forces
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political, as demonstrated by the various right-wing populist forces
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that have taken office around the world, but also cultural as the return
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that have taken office around the world, but also cultural as the return
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@ -90,9 +100,9 @@ transparent, direct, and genuine. "The quickness of social media, as
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Judith Butler [[pointed
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Judith Butler [[pointed
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out]{.underline}](https://www.newstatesman.com/international/2020/09/judith-butler-culture-wars-jk-rowling-and-living-anti-intellectual-times),
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out]{.underline}](https://www.newstatesman.com/international/2020/09/judith-butler-culture-wars-jk-rowling-and-living-anti-intellectual-times),
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allows for forms of vitriol that do not exactly support thoughtful
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allows for forms of vitriol that do not exactly support thoughtful
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debate."
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debate."</p>
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Our inability to take warnings seriously has devastating consequences,
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<p>Our inability to take warnings seriously has devastating consequences,
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as recent months make clear. The central argument in favor of a
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as recent months make clear. The central argument in favor of a
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philosophy of warnings is not whether what it warns of comes to pass but
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philosophy of warnings is not whether what it warns of comes to pass but
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rather the pressure it exercises against those emergencies hidden and
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rather the pressure it exercises against those emergencies hidden and
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@ -103,14 +113,14 @@ loss, and commodification of our lives by surveillance capitalism. These
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warnings are also why we should oppose any demand to "return to
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warnings are also why we should oppose any demand to "return to
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normality," which signals primarily a desire to ignore what caused this
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normality," which signals primarily a desire to ignore what caused this
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pandemic in the first place. A philosophy of warnings seeks to alter and
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pandemic in the first place. A philosophy of warnings seeks to alter and
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interrupt the reality we've become accustomed to.
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interrupt the reality we've become accustomed to.</p>
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Although a philosophy of warnings will not prevent future emergencies,
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<p>Although a philosophy of warnings will not prevent future emergencies,
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it will resist the ongoing silencing of emergencies under the guise of
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it will resist the ongoing silencing of emergencies under the guise of
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realism by challenging our framed global order and its realist
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realism by challenging our framed global order and its realist
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advocates. This philosophy is not meant to rescue us *from* emergencies
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advocates. This philosophy is not meant to rescue us *from* emergencies
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but rather rescue us *into* emergencies that we are trained to ignore.
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but rather rescue us *into* emergencies that we are trained to ignore.</p>
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</div>
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[[Santiago Zabala]{.underline}](http://www.santiagozabala.com/) is ICREA
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[[Santiago Zabala]{.underline}](http://www.santiagozabala.com/) is ICREA
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Research Professor of Philosophy at the Pompeu Fabra University in
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Research Professor of Philosophy at the Pompeu Fabra University in
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Barcelona. His most recent book is *Being at Large: Freedom in the Age
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Barcelona. His most recent book is *Being at Large: Freedom in the Age
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