bots-as-digital-infrapunctures/content/Section 3 - Introduction to Bots/2-infrastructural-embodiment.md

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Title: Introduction: Andreas Hepp
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Slug: 02-s3-infrastructural-embodiment
Date: 2020-11-01 12:01
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Summary: *Communicative bots*, *communicative embodiment* and *infrastructural embodiment*.
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Andreas Hepp is Professor for Media and Communications at the ZeMKI (Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research), University of Bremen, Germany. In his 2020 article[^paper], mentioned in the introduction to this chapter, he distinguishes three kinds of *communicative bots*: artificial companions, social bots and work bots. For Hepp, communicative bots are characterised through a double embodiment: a *communicative embodiment*, referring to the bots' human-like representation, and an *infrastructural embodiment*, referring to the bots being embedded in the materiality of the infrastructure on which they are active.
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Thinking about the bots in terms of embodiment helps to situate them in relation to digital communication infrastructures and their user base.
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We will introduce the work of Andreas Hepp through the following questions:
* What are communicative bots and why are they important to study now?
* What main types of communicative bots are there?
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* How do bots relate to digital infrastructures?
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* How does communication change in the presence of bots?
* What role do they play in the construction of the social world and what does this say about their relation to power relations in society?
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# Footnotes
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[^paper]: Hepp, Andreas. "Artificial companions, social bots and work bots: communicative robots as research objects of media and communication studies"
*Media, Culture & Society* Volume 42 (2020): 1410-1426. <https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0163443720916412>