<!--*Bot logic* refers to the situational effect of bots upon a socio-technical ecology and their potential to infiltrate and co-exist with server-side conditions. -->
> digital platforms enacting a twofold logic of micro-level technocentric control and macro-level geopolitical domination, while at the same time having a range of generative outcomes, arising between these two levels[^platformlogic]. [this needs a bit of further unpacking it is too abstract to comprehend now]
On commercial platforms, the engagement of users equals [perhaps creates rather than equals] economic value that is translated through data capture and organisation. Metadata is extracted from users that then through pattern matching can be used to target users for advertisements. While bots can and do participate in this economy, they can also enable its sabotage. In the case of buying bot followers, this can be a means to generate noise in the collected dataset and blur the perception of the user as a set of behaviours that the platform has.
Platforms such as Twitter or Facebook are built as centralized systems: the servers on which information is stored are owned by these companies. The servers are triggering the need for immensive datacenter infrastructures throughout the world. Bots, on the other hand, do not require a lot of computational power in order to run. They can be simply executed from the computers of the bot-makers themselves. In fact, bots really point to the materiality of the systems on which they run, as researcher Stuart Geiger also points out when he talks about *bespoke code*:
If we consider means of communication as means of production[^means], there is a process of alienation that happens on commercial centralised platforms, where the user has no stake in the development of the material conditions of the platform on which they communicate. From this point of view, the making of bots implies a closeness to the platform that is indicated through the understanding of both the sociological and technical systems that determine the usership of a platform. In order to write a bot, as mentioned before, you need to know what kind of actions are allowed and how the bot would be received by the community.
If we think about a commercial platform as a structure or surface on which actions can take place, these actions are often predefined by the affordances of the platform. However, bots are the automation of certain actions and behaviours. To be able to define these behaviours, a user needs to be provided with the means to alternate the socialities of a platform.
<!-- It is good to note however, that by referring to*platforms* in the points below, we refer to commercial infrastructures (not federated and free software platforms such as those present in the Fediverse, which have a different kind of dynamics[^theses]). -->
All of these points were written with commercial platforms in mind, however, exciting developments are happening in federated platforms such as Mastodon [mb: rephrase, we already introduced the Fediverse in Darius' section], where users are part of defining features and possibilities of interaction. There, the norms of the platform and the way they are codified into the technical structure are more often revised and reformulated together with the people using the platform, as Aymeric Mansoux and Roel Roscam Abbing have pointed out in their article *Seven Theses on the Fediverse and the Becoming of FLOSS*[^theses].
[mb: insert quote from A & R here? Now we only mention the text.]
This in itself creates a different space for bots. However interestingly enough, with a different infrastructural system comes a different type of ruleset. On platforms like Mastodon, bots need to both comply to the terms of services of the API and to community agreements such as a Code of Conduct.
[^geiger]: Geiger, R. Stuart (2014). "Bots, bespoke, code and the materiality of software platforms" *Information, Communication & Society. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2013.873069*
[^theses]: Mansoux, A., Roscam Abbing, R. (2020). "Seven Theses on the Fediverse and the Becoming of FLOSS" *The Eternal Network: The Ends and Becomings of Network Culture, eds. Kristoffer Gansing and Inga Luchs, Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, and Berlin: transmediale e.V., Feb 2020, pp 124-140.*
