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<h1>PARACITY GALLERY</h1>
<h3>diy how-to</h3>
<p><br><br><br><br><br>
<img src="images/1.gif" alt="picture" />
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></p>
<h6>v0.42</h6>
<p><br><br><br><br><br><br></p>
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li>User-agreement</li>
<li>In(tro)duction</li>
<li>Hardware</li>
<li>Software</li>
<li>Electronics</li>
</ul>
<p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></p>
<h2>User-agreement</h2>
<p>By reading this text you are granted the rights outlined below. This user-agreement is an attempt at formulating an 'offline art licence' stipulating the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>The usage of the files (methods, code) in this archive (subsequently 'the contents'), excluding these terms, can never be published online.</li>
<li>The contents should only be published offline; on paper, sneaker-net (usb stick, hdd) or microcontroller.</li>
<li>This user-agrement should be included in derivative works. </li>
<li>Any of the initiatives, companies and individuals mentioned refrain liability.</li>
<li>The content can not be used for commercial applications, such as promotions, advertising. </li>
<li>The content can not be used to do harm, legally, physically, mentally or economically to all parties involved. This includes end-users, creators and facilitators. As such it can not be used in legal cases, court or civilian procedures.</li>
<li>The content comes with no warranty. All liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of
information in this document is disclaimed. No licenses express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights are granted herein.</li>
<li>All trade names, trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this document are property of their respective owners and are hereby acknowledged. </li>
</ul>
<h2>In(tro)duction</h2>
<p>This archive contains the files and instructions to create your own rolling 'offline'<sup>1</sup> wifi gallery space utilising shared scooters outfitted with induction wireless charging pads.</p>
<p>The files presented here have been collected for the OPENCOIL speedshow that explores the impact of these 'micro-mobility services' on urban space by sharing the same decentralised infrastructure<sup>2</sup> for an exhibition space that attempts to address the conditions, effects and affects of these infrastructures.</p>
<p>The artistic contributions are each stored on a Wifi enabled microcontroller attached to a scooter in a non invasive nor destructive manner. To view the works, one connects to the local unencrypted WiFi network advertised by the Wifi microcontroller. When connecting using Apple<sup>3</sup> devices, a web portal opens automatically, showing the work, no mobile data connection necessary. All works have been specially optimised by the artists to be viewed on smartphones.</p>
<p>OPENCOIL is in no way associated with these micro-mobility services, but merely shares the existing scooter network. The conversion of the scooters into an exhibition space is completely reversible and in no way restricts the conventional use of the scooters (even during the exhibition). The scooters will not be damaged.</p>
<p>The exhibition will start on October 26th in the public space in front of Zentrum für Netzkunst (Haus der Statistik). For one week, until November 1st, the exhibition will be serviced and kept running daily by our team. Should a work be damaged or not be found, please send an e-mail (service@opencoil.show) or use the Telegram App (https://t.me/opencoil)</p>
<p>After this date this how-to will continue to roam the streets and will never be made available online. Now do it yourself!
<br><br><br>
<sup>
1. As in 'offline art' by Aram Bartholl based on the PirateBox initiative.
<br><br>
2. A certain branch of micro-mobility services deploy 'dock-less' sharing vehicles, meaning they don't need to be rented from nor returned to a designated parking spot. This raises questions on convenience, maintenance and use of public space. This 'decentralisation' is reflected in the company itself, where various responsibilities are outsourced; renting is done via a centralised API, repairs are done in a centralised warehouse, units are recharged by a fleet of roaming 'juicers' (lime) or 'hunters' (voi) or 'rangers' (tier) as gig work/minijob), carbon offset and recycling responsibilities are outsourced to external companies (for example: climatepartner.com and deutsche-recycling.de).
<br>
<br>
3. Android devices might present a message offering you to 'sign in' or a warning the network does not have an internet connection. Click the pop-up message and select the option 'use (network) as-is' to use the network without and internet connection and visit any random URL in a browser to view the artworks (http://ya.ru is a good one). If all goes well, you will be redirected to the artwork.</p>
<p></sup></p>
<h2>Hardware</h2>
<h3>Vacuum form</h3>
<p><img src="hardware/3d-printable-vacuumform-mold-snapshot.png" alt="picture" /></p>
<p>In this Archive you will find a <a href="hardware/3d_print_chargingpad_for_molding_cover.stl">3d printable .stl</a> file that will allow you to print a mould for vacuum forming the charging pad cover. </p>
<h3>Stencil</h3>
<p>To make the vacuum formed charging pad cover look more symbiotic, one could use the included <a href="hardware/spray-stencil-295x420.svg">template</a> to lasercut a spray paint stencil.</p>
<h3>Inlay</h3>
<p>To even-out the electronics underneath the vacuum formed mould you can use 2 to 3 mm cardboard stock as as spacer. A lasercutting template to cut the cardboard stock is provided <a href="hardware/spacer-345x495.svg">here</a></p>
<p><img src="hardware/stencil-spacer-mould.gif" alt="picture" />
<i>From left to right: logo stencil, vacuum formed mould with cardboard inlay, vacuum formed mould with logo, cardboard inlay</i></p>
<h2>Software</h2>
<p><a href="software/code/code.ino/">Here</a> you will find an Arduino sketch for the ESP8266 wifi enabled microcontroller that provides a non-encrypted wireless access point called 'example code' running a webserver that serves files stored on its 'SPIFFS' filesystem (stored at <a href="software/code/data">here</a>).</p>
<h3>Prerequisites</h3>
<p>This guide assumes you have a 4MB ESP12F microcontroller and use Arduino IDE.</p>
<ul>
<li>Board Manager: You will need to add the support for this board to your IDE (Arduino in this case), see: <a href="https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino">https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino</a></li>
<li>SPIFFS: You will need to add SPIFFS file upload support to Arduino if you want to upload files to the ESP12F, see <a href="https://github.com/esp8266/arduino-esp8266fs-plugin">https://github.com/esp8266/arduino-esp8266fs-plugin</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Uploading Code</h3>
<p>For ESP12F use the following settings in Arduino IDE</p>
<ul>
<li>Board: Generic ESP8266 Module</li>
<li>Builtin Led: 2</li>
<li>Upload Speed: 921600</li>
<li>CPU Frequency: 80 MHz</li>
<li>Crystal Frequency: 26MHz</li>
<li>Flash Size: 4MB (FS:3MB OTA: ~512KB) </li>
<li>Flash Mode: DOUT</li>
<li>Flash Frequency: 40MHz</li>
<li>Reset Method: dtr (aka nodemcu)</li>
<li>Debug port: Disabled</li>
<li>Debug Level: none</li>
<li>LwIP Variant: v2 Lower Memory</li>
<li>VTables: Flash</li>
<li>Exceptions: Legacy (new can return nullptr)</li>
<li>Erase Flash: depends on if you want to change SSID, Files, or only Sketch</li>
<li>Espressif FW: nonos-sdk 2.2.1+100 (190703)</li>
<li>SSL Support: All SSL ciphers (most compatible)</li>
<li>Port: depend if u are uploading Over The Air, or using a cable</li>
<li>Programmer: AVRISP mkII</li>
</ul>
<p>These settings give you about 2.471 KB of SPIFFS storage space for files and ~512KB sketch size</p>
<h3>Uploading Data to SPIFFS</h3>
<p>The website served on the ESP12F lives in the <a href="software/code/data">'data'</a> folder inside the Arduino sketch <a href="software/code/">folder</a>. To upload this data you need the 'Arduino ESP8266 filesystem uploader' plugin. Find it here: <a href="https://github.com/esp8266/arduino-esp8266fs-plugin">https://github.com/esp8266/arduino-esp8266fs-plugin</a>.</p>
<p>To upload files to the ESP12F using the Arduino IDE click: Arduino > Tools > ESP8266 Sketch Data Upload (make sure you installed it in the correct directory path). Close the Serial Monitor prior to uploading data.</p>
<h3>Over-the-air (OTA) uploading</h3>
<ul>
<li>Connect to the hotspot created by the ESP12F ('example code').</li>
<li>Launch Arduino, choose "esp at 192.168.4.1" as the port. </li>
<li>If you don't see the port listed in Arduino (Tools > Port), restart Arduino IDE.</li>
</ul>
<p>You can upload your sketch and files wirelessly, there is one caveat: SPIFFS file uploads don't work with password protected uploads (line 42). Workaround: flash your sketch with line 42 commented out. Upload your files to SPIFFS, then uncomment the line and upload the code.</p>
<h2>Electronics</h2>
<p><img src="images/pcb-ass.gif" alt="picture" />
<i>Fully assembled electronics, left to right, top to bottom: ESP12F (unshielded), AM1117 regulator, coil.</i></p>
<p><br></p>
<h3>Bill of materials</h3>
<ul>
<li>PCB: Upload the <a href="electronics/gerbers.zip">'gerbers.zip'</a> from this archive to a PCB factory, for example: <a href="http://allpcb.com">allpcb.com</a>, <a href="http://jlcpcb.com">jlcpcb.com</a></li>
<li>ESP12F: Widely available.</li>
<li>AM1117 3.3v Regulator: Widely available.</li>
<li>QI compatible wireless charging coil delivering 5v and > <a href="https://docs.ai-thinker.com/_media/esp8266/docs/esp-12f_product_specification_en.pdf">500 mA</a>: For example <a href="https://aliexpress.com/item/4001154059743.html">this</a>, search keywords: "pcba receiver module qi". Alternatively you could repurpose 'adaptor coils' advertised to convert non-QI phones to wireless charging, such as <a href="https://www.pearl.de/mtrkw-9811-qi-kompatible-receiver-pads.shtml">these</a>*. </li>
</ul>
<p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Be aware that these 'adaptor coils' could contain additional circuitry that condition the output for use with specific mobile phones (the pearl.de ones do). Below is a guide to modify the 'pearl' coils to deliver maximum voltage (5v)constantly, instead of switching to low power, 2.5v output when not enough/too much current is drawn.</p>
<h3>Modding 'adaptor coils'</h3>
<p>If you have soldered all components together and your ESP12f won't boot, you might have to modify your charging coil+circuit a bit. To make sure it's the coil, measure the output of the coil's electronics on the + and - (GND) terminals. If your multimeter reads ~2.5 volts you need to modify the circuit. (Disclaimer: the exact details on how this circuit works are yet unclear, comparing to a working coil revealed several differences in the electronics, matching them up made the non working coil output the needed 5v). </p>
<h5>Step 1</h5>
<p>You need to desolder two IC's/ chips following the (visual) guide below. The electronics and coil are sandwiched between two layers of foil. To peel the foil away look for an opening near the lightning connector.</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/001-coil.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/002-peel.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<p>You are then left over with the bare coil and flexible pcb. Here I already desoldered the lightning connector flex pcb.</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/003-bare-coil.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<p>Remove the following chips indicated by the following silkscreen printing:
* Q3 (chip markings: p7)
* Q4 (chip markings: wsc7)</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/004-q3.gif" alt="picture" />
<img src="electronics/coil-mod/005-q4.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<p>A hot air reworking station + tweezers will make quick work of that (settings: 1 second on 320deg, moderate airflow). Without hot-air you could try a soldering iron or fine wire-cutters to simply cut away the chips. The flexible PCB is very fragile though.</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/006-hotair.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<p>Step 1 completed!</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/007-hotair-done.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<h5>Step 2</h5>
<p>With both chips removed, you have to bridge two of the three (now) bare connections of the transistor Q4. I could not find a datasheet on this transistor so please refer to the photo's to see which pins.</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/008-bridge.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
<p>Done!</p>
<p><img src="electronics/coil-mod/009-done.gif" alt="picture" /></p>
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