Here you will find instructions and code to produce an audio (.wav) player using a SD card, a speaker, 3v coin-cell and an attiny(85) micro-controller. Oh yes, and your favorite tunes!
[Varia Open-Day](http://varia.zone/varia-open-day.html) workshop participants, feel free to skip right ahead to the [Workshop](https://git.vvvvvvaria.org/then/secure-digital-club#workshop) section below.
This repository is by no means intended as tutorial/how-to but as a personal archive of notes how to re-create the amazing work by [Elm Chan](http://elm-chan.org/)
It can and will therefore be hyper-specific, incomplete, inconsistent or plain wrong at some points.
To get your micro-controller to do what you want, it needs some instructions. If you have a pre-flashed ATtiny85 micro-controller your can skip to the [Workshop](https://git.vvvvvvaria.org/then/secure-digital-club#workshop) part of this read-me (below).
* Arduino Uno or Duemilanove (w/ an ATmega328, not an older board with an ATmega168)
* ATtiny45 or ATtiny85 (8-pin DIP package) attiny85V-10pu(1.8v-5.5) NOT the attiny85-20pu(2.7-5.5) > consumes to much power
* 10 uF capacitor
* Breadboard
* 8x jumper wires
* Arduino IDE
#### Prepare your Arduino
* Open Arduino IDE, add ATTiny support, [see here](http://highlowtech.org/?p=1695)
* Load: File>Examples>11.ArduinoISP
* Connect Arduino Uno to computer and select the right board and port from the Tools menu (aka Arduino Uno)
* Upload the sketch to the Arduino Uno
* Disconnect the Arduino Uno
#### Hook up your ATtiny
* Wire up the Arduino to the ATtiny:
* Pin connections:
* ATtiny Pin 2 to Arduino Pin 13 (or SCK of another programmer)
* ATtiny Pin 1 to Arduino Pin 12 (or MISO of another programmer)
* ATtiny Pin 0 to Arduino Pin 11 (or MOSI of another programmer)
* ATtiny Reset Pin to Arduino Pin 10 (or RESET of another programmer)
Power the ATtiny with 5v from the Arduino.
For a schematic view, refer to [here](https://git.vvvvvvaria.org/then/secure-digital-club/src/branch/master/wiring-diagrams/arduino-to-attiny-wiring.png) or [here](http://highlowtech.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Screen-shot-2011-06-06-at-1.46.39-PM.png).
* Tools – Serial Port – that your Arduino is connected to
* Finally:
* Tools – Burn Bootloader
To clarify, you are not burning a bootloader here. You are resetting the fuses on the ATtiny to set the internal clock at 16Mhz (it normally runs at 1Mhz).
#### Getting code on the ATtiny
To go from human-readable (C/C++) instructions to machine code we need to compile. For this task we need a compiler...
NOTE: There are possibly easier ways to do this, like straight from the Arduino IDE.
##### avrdude (bundled with Arduino IDE on OSX)
* On osx, open a Terminal and type:
``` cd /Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr/bin/ ```
* Press enter
* You're now in the folder with all the avr stuff.
The commands after the dollar sign below are all executed from this folder using the terminal and are followed by the ENTER key.
(so don't type the dollar sign)
```$ ./avrdude ```
This command runs the program avrdude, but without further input just lists all available commands.
##### Create Makefile
To compile code (.c) to binary .hex the avrdude compiler needs instructions as well. For this we need a 'Makefile'. You can create a new one or modify an exiting one. For beginners I suggest using and modifying the Makefile in the Blink example in this repo (code/blink/makefile). Or just trying to get your ATtiny to blink in the first place, as per [this tutorial](http://www.instructables.com/id/Honey-I-Shrunk-the-Arduino-Moving-from-Arduino-t/)!
IMPORTANT: make sure all the paths to files, config files etc are correct! (on osx, avrdude etc is not in your 'path', or /usr/bin/, so you need full paths to these apps! see the tutorial [here](http://www.instructables.com/id/Honey-I-Shrunk-the-Arduino-Moving-from-Arduino-t/) and source [here](https://github.com/internaut/attiny-instructable))
After you have modified your makefile and written your C code you're ready to compile. To compile, type:
``` $ make ```
This will generate a 'main.hex' file that can be uploaded or 'flashed' to your micro-controller.
##### Flashing HEX and BLINK
In the terminal type:
```$ cd /Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java/hardware/tools/avr```
If all is well your code will be uploaded and running! Time to connect a resistor and led; just need to connect pin 5 (PB0) and/or 6 (PB1) of your ATtiny with an LED respectively (of course you need to add a resistor with at least 150 Ohm before). See [this tutorial](http://www.instructables.com/id/Honey-I-Shrunk-the-Arduino-Moving-from-Arduino-t/) for more info.
##### Play music
The compiled .hex for ATtiny85 at 8MHz can be found in this repository (binaries/tiny.hex). To flash:
Now you need to connect the ATtiny to an SD card (reader) or even a SD card mirco SD adaptor. [SpriteTM](http://spritesmods.com/) has an excellent schematic (first one) [here](http://spritesmods.com/?art=doorbell&page=2). Or continue below for a even more minimalistic approach.
Please also refer to the Workshop section below for information on how to format your SD card and the music files.
# Workshop
#### Prerequisites
###### Hardware per unit
* 1x (pre flashed) ATtiny85V-10pu(1.8v-5.5) NOT the attiny85-20pu(2.7-5.5) > consumes to much power (p02.jpg)
* 1x (micro) SD card (with or without adaptor) (p04.jpg) or (p08.jpg)
* 1x battery holder (lithium cells don't like the heat of your iron and will explode in your face) (p05.jpg)
* music!
Optional
* female mono jack (p06.jpg)
* 4k7 resistor (p07.jpg)
###### Software
* FFMPEG
* SOX
#### Formatting sound-files
Place (up to 48 kHz, 8-bit, mono) PCM .wav files on a FAT (32) formatted SD card inside folder called "wav".
NOTE: When flashing the ATtiny at 16Mhz the files play a bit to fast. You can flash a 8MHz bootloader, but this requires you to speed up the sound files times two. This seemed to sound better..but yeh...you already know what it is...
``` $ for i in *.mp3; do ffmpeg -i "$i" ${i%.*}.wav; done```
followed by
``` $ for i in *wav; do sox "$i" -r 48000 -c 1 -b 8 ${i%.*}-conv.wav; done ```
Your correctly converted files will have the '-conv.wav' extention. Delete the rest and put all the files ending in '-conv.wav' in a folder called 'wav' on your FAT32 formatted SD card.
[SpriteTM](http://spritesmods.com/) has an excellent schematic (first one) [here](http://spritesmods.com/?art=doorbell&page=2). But we can go more minimal (hint: 'forget' the capacitors):
You're free to come up with a technique to connect the components together as long as you keep the [schematic](#Schematic) in mind (or not ;0). Among popular techniques are: breadboarding, [manhattan](https://hackadaycom.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/0gfwt.jpg?w=400) (great tutorial [here](https://www.parasitstudio.se/building-blog/manhattan-style-pedalbuilding) btw) or [deadbug](https://m.eet.com/media/1180890/thermoml.jpg) circuit design, more crazy circuits [here](https://hackaday.com/2017/09/05/non-standard-circuits-jazz-for-electrons/). Can't decide how to connect the components? Just start soldering up the components pin by pin, either starting from the SD card or the ATtiny. Another approach is to think about what type of device you want to create; will it be a wearable device, a pocket device, a mantle piece? Or what functionality it should have (easy to replace batteries? updatable songs? reset button? skip track button?). Below is an description for a dead-bug style compact unit with replaceable battery, departing from the pins on the SD card in respect to the orientation of the ATtiny.
3) Bent the ATtiny pins a little bit so pin 5 touches D0 on the SD card, pin 7 touches the CLK contact of the SD card and pin 8 touches the VCC on the SD card. Lift ATtiny pin 6 up a bit, so it doens't make contact.  
5) 'wet' or 'tin' all the SD card contacts with a bit of solder (you can omit the outer two), be careful not to melt the plastic. For easier soldering you can carefully cut the innards of the SD card from the plastic shell!  
7) place the ATtiny back in place, put a TINY bit of solder on your iron and you will be able to 'tack' the ATtiny in place in a breeze. 
13) bend the 5cm wire coming from the positive battery lead around the SD card towards the vcc pin of the SD card (and ATtiny ;), cut it to size, wet the end and solder it in place!  
15) so…from the negative pole of the battery clip, move along to the ATtiny pin 4, solder it down and bend it to the upper most gnd (vss) of the SD card . For the speaker use an extra piece of wire (step 19) and use a small piece of jumper wire to connect the two vss and gnd on the SD card (step 18).
18) cut, strip, tin a 2cm wire to connect ATtiny pin 6 to D1 of the SD card, careful not to burn your hands and make sure no wires are touching! 
19) at this point i solder 4cm of multicore, flexible (in order to have a bit more freedom to position the speaker), wire to the audio out of the ATtiny (pin 3) and the negative pole of the battery for the speaker  
