You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
3046 lines
208 KiB
3046 lines
208 KiB
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<html itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/QAPage" class="html__responsive " lang="en">
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
<title>How to define and load your own shell function in zsh - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange</title>
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/Img/favicon.ico?v=fb86ccabb921">
|
|
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=5cf7fe716a89">
|
|
<link rel="image_src" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=5cf7fe716a89">
|
|
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Unix & Linux Stack Exchange" href="/opensearch.xml">
|
|
<link rel="canonical" href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/33255/how-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh" />
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
|
|
<meta property="og:type" content= "website" />
|
|
<meta property="og:url" content="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/33255/how-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh"/>
|
|
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Unix & Linux Stack Exchange" />
|
|
<meta property="og:image" itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/Img/apple-touch-icon@2.png?v=32fb07f7ce26" />
|
|
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/>
|
|
<meta name="twitter:domain" content="unix.stackexchange.com"/>
|
|
<meta name="twitter:title" property="og:title" itemprop="name" content="How to define and load your own shell function in zsh" />
|
|
<meta name="twitter:description" property="og:description" itemprop="description" content="I am having a hard time defining and running my own shell functions in zsh. I followed the instructions on the official documentation and tried with easy example first, but I failed to get it work...." />
|
|
<script id="webpack-public-path" type="text/uri-list">https://cdn.sstatic.net/</script>
|
|
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js"></script>
|
|
<script defer src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/third-party/npm/@stackoverflow/stacks/dist/js/stacks.min.js?v=d5f780ae3281"></script>
|
|
<script src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/stub.en.js?v=30dc0e2fbcff"></script>
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Shared/stacks.css?v=dbee492db9b7">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/primary.css?v=91e7fbc98296">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Feed for question 'How to define and load your own shell function in zsh'" href="/feeds/question/33255">
|
|
<script>
|
|
StackExchange.ready(function () {
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.using("postValidation", function () {
|
|
StackExchange.postValidation.initOnBlurAndSubmit($('#post-form'), 2, 'answer');
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.question.init({showAnswerHelp:true,totalCommentCount:4,shownCommentCount:4,enableTables:true,questionId:33255});
|
|
|
|
styleCode();
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.realtime.subscribeToQuestion('106', '33255');
|
|
StackExchange.using("gps", function () { StackExchange.gps.trackOutboundClicks('#content', '.js-post-body'); });
|
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Shared/Channels/channels.css?v=db82e15fc6d3">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
StackExchange.ready(function () {
|
|
StackExchange.realtime.init('wss://qa.sockets.stackexchange.com');
|
|
StackExchange.realtime.subscribeToReputationNotifications('106');
|
|
StackExchange.realtime.subscribeToTopBarNotifications('106');
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script type="application/json" data-role="module-args" data-module-name="Shared/options.mod">{"options":{"locale":"en","serverTime":1710281021,"routeName":"Questions/Show","stackAuthUrl":"https://stackauth.com","networkMetaHostname":"meta.stackexchange.com","site":{"name":"Unix \u0026 Linux Stack Exchange","description":"Q\u0026A for users of Linux, FreeBSD and other Un*x-like operating systems","isNoticesTabEnabled":true,"enableNewTagCreationWarning":true,"insertSpaceAfterNameTabCompletion":false,"id":106,"cookieDomain":".stackexchange.com","childUrl":"https://unix.meta.stackexchange.com","negativeVoteScoreFloor":null,"enableSocialMediaInSharePopup":true,"protocol":"https"},"user":{"fkey":"27b7033a38c9489b51a2db328ed82e00b602b223db5e55f48328eb2bf4b6fccf","tid":"4908bab1-fe90-439e-9517-cb62b8c6b6a8","rep":0,"isAnonymous":true,"isAnonymousNetworkWide":true},"realtime":{"newest":true,"active":true,"tagged":true,"staleDisconnectIntervalInHours":0},"events":{"postType":{"question":1},"postEditionSection":{"title":1,"body":2,"tags":3}}}}</script>
|
|
<script type="application/json" data-role="module-args" data-module-name="Shared/settings.mod">{"settings":{"markdown":{"enableTables":true},"intercom":{"appId":"inf0secd"},"flags":{"allowRetractingFlags":true,"allowRetractingCommentFlags":true},"subscriptions":{"defaultBasicMaxTrueUpSeats":250,"defaultFreemiumMaxTrueUpSeats":50,"defaultMaxTrueUpSeats":1000},"userMessaging":{"showNewFeatureNotice":true},"tags":{},"elections":{"opaVoteResultsBaseUrl":"https://www.opavote.com/results/"},"paths":{"jQueryUIJSPath":"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/jquery-ui.min.js","jQueryUICSSPath":"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css"},"accounts":{"currentPasswordRequiredForChangingStackIdPassword":true},"search":{},"comments":{},"legal":{"oneTrustTCFConfigId":"cb0f3c87-b769-4e66-bbaa-377f9194216d","useCustomConsent":false},"questions":{"questionTitleLengthStartLiveWarningChars":50,"enableSavesFeature":true,"maxTitleSize":150,"enableQuestionTitleLengthLiveWarning":true},"site":{"allowImageUploads":true,"styleCode":true,"forceHttpsImages":true,"stacksEditorPreviewEnabled":true,"enableImgurHttps":true,"enableUserHovercards":true},"mentions":{"maxNumUsersInDropdown":50},"snippets":{"renderDomain":"stacksnippets.net"},"auth":{}}}</script>
|
|
<script>StackExchange.init();</script>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
StackExchange.using.setCacheBreakers({"Js/adops.en.js":"6da43f5e0a84","Js/ask.en.js":"","Js/begin-edit-event.en.js":"20edbaccceae","Js/copy-transpiled.en.js":"e0eb0f70fc72","Js/events.en.js":"","Js/explore-qlist.en.js":"2b1f34938b8b","Js/full-anon.en.js":"9cd1bae63ffc","Js/full.en.js":"84a2440b4e83","Js/highlightjs-loader.en.js":"510e2f94c2bf","Js/inline-tag-editing.en.js":"3e8cc64ee9d6","Js/keyboard-shortcuts.en.js":"107c2ac31497","Js/markdown-it-loader.en.js":"5818ef89ff9d","Js/mentions-transpiled.en.js":"d398f7c1afbf","Js/moderator.en.js":"b47aa4009d9d","Js/postCollections-transpiled.en.js":"11a255fe9394","Js/post-validation.en.js":"243bf7d290a3","Js/question-editor.en.js":"","Js/review-v2-transpiled.en.js":"d8246fd945d5","Js/revisions.en.js":"47b4d5ac24c9","Js/stacks-editor.en.js":"38fc04774f41","Js/tageditor.en.js":"dc13482a67f8","Js/tageditornew.en.js":"b3d2f0187c1a","Js/tagsuggestions.en.js":"bd6ec908f2a7","Js/unlimited-transpiled.en.js":"f26a1d5f3365","Js/wmd.en.js":"fe1f36bd295a"});
|
|
StackExchange.using("gps", function() {
|
|
StackExchange.gps.init(false);
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
<noscript id="noscript-css"><style>body,.s-topbar{margin-top:1.9em}</style></noscript>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="question-page unified-theme">
|
|
|
|
<div id="notify-container"></div>
|
|
<div id="custom-header"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<header class="s-topbar ps-fixed t0 l0 js-top-bar">
|
|
<div class="s-topbar--container">
|
|
<a href="#" class="s-topbar--menu-btn js-left-sidebar-toggle" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="left-sidebar" aria-expanded="false"><span></span></a>
|
|
<div class="topbar-dialog leftnav-dialog js-leftnav-dialog dno">
|
|
<div class="left-sidebar js-unpinned-left-sidebar" data-can-be="left-sidebar" data-is-here-when="sm"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a href="#" class="s-topbar--logo network-logo js-gps-track js-network-logo"
|
|
data-gps-track="stack_exchange_popup.show" role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="topbar-network-logo-dialog" aria-expanded="false">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="native mtn1 svg-icon iconLogoSEAlternativeSm" width="107" height="15" viewBox="0 0 107 15"><path d="m48.41 11.93-1.96-3.2-1.04 1.16v2.04h-1.42V2.18h1.42v6.01L48.14 5h1.72l-2.44 2.7 2.74 4.22h-1.75Zm-7.06.08c-1.59 0-3.14-.96-3.14-3.56s1.55-3.54 3.14-3.54c.97 0 1.65.27 2.31.97l-.97.93c-.44-.48-.79-.66-1.34-.66s-1 .22-1.3.62c-.31.38-.42.87-.42 1.68 0 .81.1 1.32.41 1.7.3.4.76.62 1.3.62.56 0 .9-.18 1.35-.66l.97.92c-.66.7-1.34.98-2.31.98Zm-5.66-3.15h-1.65c-.83 0-1.26.37-1.26 1s.4.99 1.3.99c.53 0 .93-.04 1.3-.4.22-.2.31-.53.31-1.03v-.56Zm.03 3.07v-.63c-.51.5-1 .71-1.87.71-.87 0-1.46-.2-1.89-.63a2.1 2.1 0 0 1-.55-1.49c0-1.16.82-2 2.42-2h1.86v-.5c0-.87-.44-1.3-1.54-1.3-.77 0-1.15.18-1.54.68l-.92-.86c.66-.77 1.35-1 2.52-1 1.93 0 2.9.8 2.9 2.38v4.64h-1.39Zm-5.9 0c-1.32 0-1.93-.93-1.93-1.93V6.18h-.8V5.1h.8V3h1.41v2.1h1.36v1.07H29.3v3.75c0 .5.25.81.78.81h.58v1.2h-.85Zm-6.33.08c-1.48 0-2.55-.34-3.49-1.28l1-.98c.72.72 1.51.94 2.52.94 1.3 0 2.04-.55 2.04-1.5 0-.42-.13-.78-.39-1.01-.25-.23-.5-.33-1.08-.41l-1.16-.17a3.4 3.4 0 0 1-1.88-.78 2.41 2.41 0 0 1-.72-1.86c0-1.7 1.25-2.86 3.3-2.86 1.3 0 2.22.33 3.07 1.1l-.96.94a2.92 2.92 0 0 0-2.15-.75c-1.16 0-1.8.65-1.8 1.52 0 .35.1.67.37.9.25.22.65.38 1.11.45l1.13.17c.91.13 1.42.35 1.84.72.54.47.8 1.17.8 2 0 1.8-1.48 2.86-3.55 2.86Z" fill="#FEFEFE"/><path d="M104.16 7.09c-.2-.42-.6-.74-1.2-.74s-.99.32-1.18.74c-.1.25-.15.44-.16.75h2.7a2 2 0 0 0-.16-.75Zm-2.54 1.96c0 .9.56 1.57 1.55 1.57.78 0 1.16-.21 1.61-.66l1.08 1.04a3.4 3.4 0 0 1-2.7 1.11c-1.68 0-3.29-.76-3.29-3.62 0-2.3 1.26-3.6 3.1-3.6 1.97 0 3.1 1.44 3.1 3.37v.79h-4.45Zm-5.48-2.57C95.1 6.48 95 7.37 95 8.3c0 .94.1 1.85 1.15 1.85 1.05 0 1.18-.91 1.18-1.85 0-.93-.13-1.82-1.18-1.82Zm-.17 8.22c-1.1 0-1.84-.21-2.58-.92l1.1-1.11c.4.38.8.54 1.4.54 1.06 0 1.43-.74 1.43-1.46v-.72c-.47.51-1 .7-1.7.7-.69 0-1.29-.23-1.68-.62-.67-.66-.73-1.57-.73-2.8 0-1.24.06-2.13.73-2.8.4-.39 1-.62 1.7-.62.75 0 1.24.2 1.73.75v-.67h1.72v6.8c0 1.7-1.21 2.93-3.12 2.93Zm-5.76-2.67V7.76c0-.96-.61-1.28-1.17-1.28-.56 0-1.18.32-1.18 1.28v4.27h-1.78V4.97h1.73v.65a2.44 2.44 0 0 1 1.78-.73c.7 0 1.28.23 1.67.62.58.57.73 1.24.73 2v4.52H90.2Zm-7.1-2.98h-1.4c-.64 0-1 .3-1 .8 0 .49.33.81 1.02.81.5 0 .8-.04 1.12-.34.2-.17.26-.46.26-.89v-.38Zm.04 2.98v-.6c-.48.47-.93.67-1.74.67-.8 0-1.4-.2-1.82-.62-.38-.4-.58-.97-.58-1.59 0-1.12.77-2.05 2.42-2.05h1.68V7.5c0-.77-.38-1.11-1.32-1.11-.68 0-1 .16-1.37.58l-1.13-1.1c.7-.75 1.38-.97 2.57-.97 1.99 0 3.02.84 3.02 2.5v4.64h-1.73Zm-6.93 0v-4.3c0-.94-.6-1.25-1.15-1.25-.56 0-1.15.32-1.15 1.24v4.31h-1.77V2.38h1.77v3.24a2.35 2.35 0 0 1 1.7-.73c1.56 0 2.38 1.08 2.38 2.57v4.57h-1.78Zm-6.96.08c-1.42 0-3.18-.76-3.18-3.62 0-2.85 1.76-3.6 3.18-3.6.98 0 1.72.3 2.34.95l-1.2 1.2c-.36-.4-.68-.56-1.14-.56-.42 0-.75.14-1.01.46-.27.33-.4.8-.4 1.55s.13 1.24.4 1.58c.26.3.59.46 1 .46.47 0 .79-.16 1.15-.56l1.2 1.18c-.62.65-1.36.96-2.34.96Zm-5.53-.08-1.3-2.11-1.3 2.11H59l2.45-3.6-2.35-3.46h2.12L62.42 7l1.21-2.02h2.13L63.4 8.43l2.46 3.6h-2.13Zm-11.75 0V2.06h6.6V3.8h-4.65v2.33h3.96v1.74h-3.96v2.42h4.65v1.74h-6.6Z" fill="#2F96E8"/><path d="M0 3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2H0Z" fill="#8FD8F7"/><path d="M12 10H0c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h5v3l3-3a2 2 0 0 0 2-2Z" fill="#155397"/><path fill="#46A2D9" d="M0 4h12v2H0z"/><path fill="#2D6DB5" d="M0 7h12v2H0z"/></svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<div class="topbar-dialog network-logo-dialog js-network-logo-dialog dno" id="topbar-network-logo-dialog" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="topbar-network-logo-dialog-title" aria-describedby="topbar-network-logo-dialog-body">
|
|
<div class="dialog-content">
|
|
<h4 class="bold" id="topbar-network-logo-dialog-title">Stack Exchange Network</h4>
|
|
<p id="topbar-network-logo-dialog-body">
|
|
Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including <a href="https://stackoverflow.com">Stack Overflow</a>, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a class="s-btn s-btn__filled" href="https://stackexchange.com"
|
|
data-gps-track="stack_exchange_popup.click">Visit Stack Exchange</a>
|
|
<button class="s-btn s-btn__muted p0 ps-absolute t16 r16 js-close-button" aria-label="Close"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconClear" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M15 4.41 13.59 3 9 7.59 4.41 3 3 4.41 7.59 9 3 13.59 4.41 15 9 10.41 13.59 15 15 13.59 10.41 9 15 4.41Z"/></svg></button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<form id="search" role="search" action=/search class="s-topbar--searchbar js-searchbar " autocomplete="off">
|
|
<div class="s-topbar--searchbar--input-group">
|
|
<input name="q"
|
|
type="text"
|
|
role="combobox"
|
|
placeholder="Search on Unix & Linux…"
|
|
value=""
|
|
autocomplete="off"
|
|
maxlength="240"
|
|
class="s-input s-input__search js-search-field "
|
|
aria-label="Search"
|
|
aria-controls="top-search"
|
|
data-controller="s-popover"
|
|
data-action="focus->s-popover#show"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start" />
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="s-input-icon s-input-icon__search svg-icon iconSearch" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m18 16.5-5.14-5.18h-.35a7 7 0 1 0-1.19 1.19v.35L16.5 18l1.5-1.5ZM12 7A5 5 0 1 1 2 7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
<div class="s-popover p0 wmx100 wmn4 sm:wmn-initial js-top-search-popover" id="top-search" role="menu">
|
|
<div class="s-popover--arrow"></div>
|
|
<div class="js-spinner p24 d-flex ai-center jc-center d-none">
|
|
<div class="s-spinner s-spinner__sm fc-orange-400">
|
|
<div class="v-visible-sr">Loading…</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<span class="v-visible-sr js-screen-reader-info"></span>
|
|
<div class="js-ac-results overflow-y-auto hmx3 d-none"></div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-search-hints" aria-describedby="Tips for searching"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="h100 ml-auto overflow-x-auto pr12">
|
|
<ol class="s-topbar--content" role="menubar">
|
|
|
|
<li role="none">
|
|
<a href="/help" class="s-topbar--item js-help-button" role="menuitem" title="Help Center and other resources" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="topbar-help-dialog"
|
|
data-ga="["top navigation","help menu click",null,null,null]"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconHelp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M9 1C4.64 1 1 4.64 1 9c0 4.36 3.64 8 8 8 4.36 0 8-3.64 8-8 0-4.36-3.64-8-8-8Zm.81 12.13c-.02.71-.55 1.15-1.24 1.13-.66-.02-1.17-.49-1.15-1.2.02-.72.56-1.18 1.22-1.16.7.03 1.2.51 1.17 1.23ZM11.77 8c-.59.66-1.78 1.09-2.05 1.97a4 4 0 0 0-.09.75c0 .05-.03.16-.18.16H7.88c-.16 0-.18-.1-.18-.15.06-1.35.66-2.2 1.83-2.88.39-.29.7-.75.7-1.24.01-1.24-1.64-1.82-2.35-.72-.21.33-.18.73-.18 1.1H5.75c0-1.97 1.03-3.26 3.03-3.26 1.75 0 3.47.87 3.47 2.83 0 .57-.2 1.05-.48 1.44Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<div class="topbar-dialog help-dialog js-help-dialog dno" id="topbar-help-dialog" role="menu">
|
|
<div class="modal-content">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="/tour" class="js-gps-track s-block-link" data-gps-track="help_popup.click({ item_type:1 })"
|
|
data-ga="["top navigation","tour submenu click",null,null,null]">
|
|
Tour
|
|
<span class="item-summary">
|
|
Start here for a quick overview of the site
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="/help" class="js-gps-track s-block-link"
|
|
data-gps-track="help_popup.click({ item_type:4 })"
|
|
data-ga="["top navigation","help center",null,null,null]">
|
|
Help Center
|
|
<span class="item-summary">
|
|
Detailed answers to any questions you might have
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://unix.meta.stackexchange.com" class="js-gps-track s-block-link" data-gps-track="help_popup.click({ item_type:2 })"
|
|
data-ga="["top navigation","meta submenu click",null,null,null]">
|
|
Meta
|
|
<span class="item-summary">
|
|
Discuss the workings and policies of this site
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflow.co/" class="js-gps-track s-block-link" data-gps-track="help_popup.click({ item_type:6 })"
|
|
data-ga="["top navigation","about us submenu click",null,null,null]">
|
|
About Us
|
|
<span class="item-summary">
|
|
Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<li role="none">
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com" class="s-topbar--item js-site-switcher-button js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.show"
|
|
aria-label="Site switcher"
|
|
role="menuitem"
|
|
title="A list of all 183 Stack Exchange sites"
|
|
aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"
|
|
data-ga="["top navigation","stack exchange click",null,null,null]">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconStackExchange" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M15 1H3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h16V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2ZM1 13c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h8v3l3-3h1a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-2H1v2Zm16-7H1v4h16V6Z"/></svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="js-topbar-dialog-corral" role="presentation">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="topbar-dialog siteSwitcher-dialog dno" role="menu">
|
|
<div class="header fw-wrap">
|
|
<h3 class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com">current community</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<div class="flex--item fl1">
|
|
<div class="ai-center d-flex jc-end">
|
|
<button
|
|
class="js-close-button s-btn s-btn__muted p0 ml8 d-none sm:d-block"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
aria-label="Close"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconClear" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M15 4.41 13.59 3 9 7.59 4.41 3 3 4.41 7.59 9 3 13.59 4.41 15 9 10.41 13.59 15 15 13.59 10.41 9 15 4.41Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-content bg-blue-200 current-site-container">
|
|
<ul class="current-site">
|
|
<li class="d-flex">
|
|
<div class="fl1">
|
|
<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com"
|
|
class="current-site-link d-flex gx8 site-link js-gps-track"
|
|
data-id="106"
|
|
data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:3 })">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-unix site-icon flex--item" title="Unix & Linux"></div>
|
|
<span class="flex--item fl1">
|
|
Unix & Linux
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="related-links">
|
|
<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/help" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:14 })">help</a>
|
|
<a href="https://chat.stackexchange.com?tab=site&host=unix.stackexchange.com" class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:6 })">chat</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="related-site d-flex">
|
|
<div class="L-shaped-icon-container">
|
|
<span class="L-shaped-icon"></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<a href="https://unix.meta.stackexchange.com"
|
|
class="s-block-link px16 d-flex gx8 site-link js-gps-track"
|
|
data-id="108"
|
|
data-gps-track="site.switch({ target_site:108, item_type:3 }),site_switcher.click({ item_type:4 })">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-unixmeta site-icon flex--item" title="Unix & Linux Meta"></div>
|
|
<span class="flex--item fl1">
|
|
Unix & Linux Meta
|
|
</span>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="header" id="your-communities-header">
|
|
<h3>
|
|
your communities </h3>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-content" id="your-communities-section">
|
|
|
|
<div class="call-to-login">
|
|
<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/signup?ssrc=site_switcher&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f33255%2fhow-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh" class="login-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:10 })">Sign up</a> or <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/login?ssrc=site_switcher&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f33255%2fhow-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh" class="login-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="site_switcher.click({ item_type:11 })">log in</a> to customize your list. </div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<h3><a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites">more stack exchange communities</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflow.blog" class="float-right">company blog</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="modal-content">
|
|
<div class="child-content"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button class="s-topbar--item s-btn s-btn__icon s-btn__muted d-none sm:d-inline-flex js-searchbar-trigger" role="menuitem" aria-label="Search" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="search" title="Click to show search"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconSearch" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m18 16.5-5.14-5.18h-.35a7 7 0 1 0-1.19 1.19v.35L16.5 18l1.5-1.5ZM12 7A5 5 0 1 1 2 7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0Z"/></svg></button></li>
|
|
<li role="none">
|
|
<a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/login?ssrc=head&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f33255%2fhow-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh" class="s-topbar--item s-topbar--item__unset s-btn s-btn__outlined ws-nowrap js-gps-track" role="menuitem" rel="nofollow"
|
|
data-gps-track="login.click" data-ga="["top navigation","login button click",null,null,null]">Log in</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li role="none"><a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/signup?ssrc=head&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f33255%2fhow-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh" class="s-topbar--item s-topbar--item__unset ml4 s-btn s-btn__filled ws-nowrap js-gps-track" role="menuitem" rel="nofollow" data-gps-track="signup.topbar.click" data-ga="["sign up","Sign Up Navigation","Header",null,null]">Sign up</a></li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
StackExchange.ready(function () { StackExchange.topbar.init(); });
|
|
StackExchange.scrollPadding.setPaddingTop(50, 10);
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="top-hero-div" class="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<header class="site-header">
|
|
<div class="site-header--container jc-space-between sm:fd-column sm:pt8 sm:pb8">
|
|
<a class="site-header--link d-flex ai-center fs-headline1 fw-bold sm:mb8" href="https://unix.stackexchange.com">
|
|
<img class="h-auto wmx100" src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/Img/logo.svg?v=eb6eb2b9e73c" alt="Unix & Linux">
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center gsx gs8">
|
|
<div class="js-zone-container zone-container-sidebar">
|
|
<div id="dfp-sspon" class="everyonelovesstackoverflow my4"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
|
|
<div class="container">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="left-sidebar" data-is-here-when="md lg" class="left-sidebar js-pinned-left-sidebar ps-relative">
|
|
<div class="left-sidebar--sticky-container js-sticky-leftnav">
|
|
<nav role="navigation">
|
|
<ol class="nav-links">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<ol class="nav-links">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="ps-relative" aria-current="false">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
href="/"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon"
|
|
|
|
data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current: false, location:2, destination:8, has_activity_notification:False})"
|
|
aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right"
|
|
aria-current="false"
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconHome" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M15 10v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5H0l9-9 9 9h-3Zm-8 1v6h4v-6H7Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name pl6">Home</span>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="ps-relative youarehere" aria-current="true">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a id="nav-questions"
|
|
href="/questions"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon"
|
|
|
|
data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current: true, location:2, destination:1, has_activity_notification:False})"
|
|
aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right"
|
|
aria-current="false"
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconQuestion" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m4 15-3 3V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h12c1.09 0 2 .91 2 2v9c0 1.09-.91 2-2 2H4Zm7.75-3.97c.72-.83.98-1.86.98-2.94 0-1.65-.7-3.22-2.3-3.83a4.41 4.41 0 0 0-3.02 0 3.8 3.8 0 0 0-2.32 3.83c0 1.29.35 2.29 1.03 3a3.8 3.8 0 0 0 2.85 1.07c.62 0 1.2-.11 1.71-.34.65.44 1 .68 1.06.7.23.13.46.23.7.3l.59-1.13a5.2 5.2 0 0 1-1.28-.66Zm-1.27-.9a5.4 5.4 0 0 0-1.5-.8l-.45.9c.33.12.66.29.98.5-.2.07-.42.11-.65.11-.61 0-1.12-.23-1.52-.68-.86-1-.86-3.12 0-4.11.8-.9 2.35-.9 3.15 0 .9 1.01.86 3.03-.01 4.08Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name pl6">Questions</span>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="ps-relative" aria-current="false">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a
|
|
href="/tags"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon"
|
|
|
|
data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current: false, location:2, destination:2, has_activity_notification:False})"
|
|
aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right"
|
|
aria-current="false"
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconTags" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M9.24 1a3 3 0 0 0-2.12.88l-5.7 5.7a2 2 0 0 0-.38 2.31 3 3 0 0 1 .67-1.01l6-6A3 3 0 0 1 9.83 2H14a3 3 0 0 1 .79.1A2 2 0 0 0 13 1H9.24Z" opacity=".4"/><path d="M9.83 3a2 2 0 0 0-1.42.59l-6 6a2 2 0 0 0 0 2.82L6.6 16.6a2 2 0 0 0 2.82 0l6-6A2 2 0 0 0 16 9.17V5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H9.83ZM12 9a2 2 0 1 1 0-4 2 2 0 0 1 0 4Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name pl6">Tags</span>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="pb24"></li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="ps-relative" aria-current="false">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a id="nav-users"
|
|
href="/users"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon"
|
|
|
|
data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current: false, location:2, destination:3, has_activity_notification:False})"
|
|
aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right"
|
|
aria-current="false"
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconPeople" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M17 14c0 .44-.45 1-1 1H9a1 1 0 0 1-1-1H2c-.54 0-1-.56-1-1 0-2.63 3-4 3-4s.23-.4 0-1c-.84-.62-1.06-.59-1-3 .06-2.42 1.37-3 2.5-3s2.44.58 2.5 3c.06 2.41-.16 2.38-1 3-.23.59 0 1 0 1s1.55.71 2.42 2.09c.78-.72 1.58-1.1 1.58-1.1s.23-.4 0-1c-.84-.61-1.06-.58-1-3 .06-2.41 1.37-3 2.5-3s2.44.59 2.5 3c.05 2.42-.16 2.39-1 3-.23.6 0 1 0 1s3 1.38 3 4Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name pl6">Users</span>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="ps-relative" aria-current="false">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a id="nav-companies"
|
|
href="https://stackoverflow.com/jobs/companies?so_medium=unix&so_source=SiteNav"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon"
|
|
|
|
data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current: false, location:2, destination:12, has_activity_notification:False})"
|
|
aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right"
|
|
aria-current="false"
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconBriefcase" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M5 4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h1a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V7c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h1V4Zm7 0H6v1h6V4Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name pl6">Companies</span>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="ps-relative" aria-current="false">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a id="nav-unanswered"
|
|
href="/unanswered"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link -link__with-icon"
|
|
|
|
data-gps-track="top_nav.click({is_current: false, location:2, destination:5, has_activity_notification:False})"
|
|
aria-controls="" data-controller="" data-s-popover-placement="right"
|
|
aria-current="false"
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="true" data-s-popover-hide-on-outside-click="never"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconAnswer" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M14 15H3c-1.09 0-2-.91-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h12c1.09 0 2 .91 2 2v14l-3-3Zm-1.02-3L9.82 4H8.14l-3.06 8h1.68l.65-1.79h3.15l.69 1.79h1.73Zm-2.93-3.12H7.9l1.06-2.92 1.09 2.92Z"/></svg> <span class="-link--channel-name pl6">Unanswered</span>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="js-freemium-cta ps-relative">
|
|
|
|
<div class="fs-fine tt-uppercase fc-black-600 fw-bold ml8 mt16 mb8">Teams</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="bt bl bb bc-black-200 p12 pb6 fc-black-500 blr-sm overflow-hidden">
|
|
<strong class="fc-black-600 mb6">Stack Overflow for Teams</strong>
|
|
– Start collaborating and sharing organizational knowledge.
|
|
|
|
<img class="wmx100 mx-auto my8 h-auto d-block" width="139" height="114" src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Img/teams/teams-illo-free-sidebar-promo.svg?v=47faa659a05e" alt="">
|
|
|
|
<a href="https://try.stackoverflow.co/why-teams/?utm_source=so-owned&utm_medium=side-bar&utm_campaign=campaign-38&utm_content=cta"
|
|
class="w100 s-btn s-btn__filled s-btn__xs bg-orange-400 js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: 6 })"
|
|
data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav free cta","stackoverflow.com/teams/create/free",null,null]">Create a free Team</a>
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflow.co/teams/"
|
|
class="w100 s-btn s-btn__muted s-btn__xs js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: 5 })"
|
|
data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav free cta","stackoverflow.com/teams",null,null]">Why Teams?</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="d-flex ai-center jc-space-between ml8 mt32 mb8 js-create-team-cta d-none">
|
|
<a href="javascript:void(0)"
|
|
class="s-link d-flex fl-grow1 fc-black-400 h:fc-black-600 fs-fine js-gps-track"
|
|
role="button"
|
|
aria-controls="popover-teams-create-cta"
|
|
data-controller="s-popover"
|
|
data-action="s-popover#toggle"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start"
|
|
data-s-popover-toggle-class="is-selected"
|
|
data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: ShowInfo })"
|
|
data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav show teams info",null,null,null]"
|
|
>
|
|
<div class="flex--item fl-grow1 fc-black-600 fw-bold tt-uppercase">Teams</div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item px12">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconPlusSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M8 2H6v4H2v2h4v4h2V8h4V6H8V2Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="ps-relative js-create-team-cta d-none">
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflowteams.com/teams/create/free/?utm_source=so-owned&utm_medium=side-bar&utm_campaign=campaign-38&utm_content=cta"
|
|
class="s-block-link pl8 js-gps-track nav-links--link"
|
|
title="Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for your organization's questions and answers."
|
|
data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: FreemiumTeamsCreateClick })"
|
|
data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav team click","stackoverflow.com/teams/create/free",null,null]">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ai-center">
|
|
<div class="flex--item s-avatar va-middle bg-orange-400">
|
|
<div class="s-avatar--letter mtn1">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconBriefcaseSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1h.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5v5c0 .83-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5h-7A1.5 1.5 0 0 1 2 10.5v-5C2 4.67 2.67 4 3.5 4H4V3Zm5 1V3H5v1h4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="native s-avatar--badge svg-icon iconShieldXSm" width="9" height="10" viewBox="0 0 9 10"><path fill="var(--white)" d="M0 1.84 4.5 0 9 1.84v3.17C9 7.53 6.3 10 4.5 10 2.7 10 0 7.53 0 5.01V1.84Z"/><path fill="var(--black-400)" d="M1 2.5 4.5 1 8 2.5v2.51C8 7.34 5.34 9 4.5 9 3.65 9 1 7.34 1 5.01V2.5Zm2.98 3.02L3.2 7h2.6l-.78-1.48a.4.4 0 0 1 .15-.38c.34-.24.73-.7.73-1.14 0-.71-.5-1.23-1.41-1.23-.92 0-1.39.52-1.39 1.23 0 .44.4.9.73 1.14.12.08.18.23.15.38Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item pl6">
|
|
Create free Team
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-popover ws2"
|
|
id="popover-teams-create-cta"
|
|
role="menu"
|
|
aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="s-popover--arrow"></div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ps-relative overflow-hidden">
|
|
<p class="mb2"><strong>Teams</strong></p>
|
|
<p class="mb12 fs-caption fc-black-400">Q&A for work</p>
|
|
<p class="mb12 fs-caption fc-black-500">Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.</p>
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflow.co/teams/"
|
|
class="js-gps-track s-btn s-btn__filled s-btn__xs"
|
|
data-gps-track="teams.create.left-sidenav.click({ Action: CtaClick })"
|
|
data-ga="["teams left navigation - anonymous","left nav cta","stackoverflow.com/teams",null,null]">
|
|
Learn more about Teams
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ps-absolute t8 r8">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-orange-400 svg-spot spotPeople" width="48" height="48" viewBox="0 0 48 48"><path d="M13.5 28a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 0-9 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 0 9ZM7 30a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v5h11v-5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v10a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H33v5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H20a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-5H8a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V30Zm25-6.5a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 9 0 4.5 4.5 0 0 0-9 0ZM24.5 34a4.5 4.5 0 1 0 0-9 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 0 9Z" opacity=".2"/><path d="M16.4 26.08A6 6 0 1 0 7.53 26C5.64 26.06 4 27.52 4 29.45V40a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h9a1 1 0 1 0 0-2h-4v-7a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v7H6v-9.55c0-.73.67-1.45 1.64-1.45H16a1 1 0 0 0 .4-1.92ZM12 18a4 4 0 1 1 0 8 4 4 0 0 1 0-8Zm16.47 14a6 6 0 1 0-8.94 0A3.6 3.6 0 0 0 16 35.5V46a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h14a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V35.5c0-1.94-1.64-3.42-3.53-3.5ZM20 28a4 4 0 1 1 8 0 4 4 0 0 1-8 0Zm-.3 6h8.6c1 0 1.7.75 1.7 1.5V45h-2v-7a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v7h-4v-7a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v7h-2v-9.5c0-.75.7-1.5 1.7-1.5ZM42 22c0 1.54-.58 2.94-1.53 4A3.5 3.5 0 0 1 44 29.45V40a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-9a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h4v-7a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v7h2v-9.55A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 40.48 28H32a1 1 0 0 1-.4-1.92A6 6 0 1 1 42 22Zm-2 0a4 4 0 1 0-8 0 4 4 0 0 0 8 0Z"/><g opacity=".35"><path d="M17 10a1 1 0 011-1h12a1 1 0 110 2H18a1 1 0 01-1-1Zm1-5a1 1 0 100 2h12a1 1 0 100-2H18ZM14 1a1 1 0 00-1 1v12a1 1 0 001 1h5.09l4.2 4.2a1 1 0 001.46-.04l3.7-4.16H34a1 1 0 001-1V2a1 1 0 00-1-1H14Zm1 12V3h18v10h-5a1 1 0 00-.75.34l-3.3 3.7-3.74-3.75a1 1 0 00-.71-.29H15Z"/></g></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="content" class="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div itemprop="mainEntity" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Question">
|
|
<link itemprop="image" href="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/unix/Img/apple-touch-icon.png?v=5cf7fe716a89">
|
|
|
|
<div class="inner-content clearfix">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="question-header" class="d-flex sm:fd-column">
|
|
<h1 itemprop="name" class="fs-headline1 ow-break-word mb8 flex--item fl1"><a href="/questions/33255/how-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh" class="question-hyperlink">How to define and load your own shell function in zsh</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="ml12 aside-cta flex--item print:d-none sm:ml0 sm:mb12 sm:order-first sm:as-end">
|
|
<a href="/questions/ask" class="ws-nowrap s-btn s-btn__filled">
|
|
Ask Question
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="d-flex fw-wrap pb8 mb16 bb bc-black-200">
|
|
<div class="flex--item ws-nowrap mr16 mb8" title="2012-03-02 17:23:16Z">
|
|
<span class="fc-black-400 mr2">Asked</span>
|
|
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-03-02T17:23:16">12 years ago</time>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item ws-nowrap mr16 mb8">
|
|
<span class="fc-black-400 mr2">Modified</span>
|
|
<a href="?lastactivity" class="s-link s-link__inherit" title="2020-05-17 21:01:49Z">3 years, 10 months ago</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item ws-nowrap mb8" title="Viewed 161,742 times">
|
|
<span class="fc-black-400 mr2">Viewed</span>
|
|
162k times
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="mainbar" role="main" aria-label="question and answers">
|
|
|
|
<div class="question js-question" data-questionid="33255" data-position-on-page="0" data-score="123" id="question">
|
|
<style>
|
|
</style>
|
|
<div class="js-zone-container zone-container-main">
|
|
<div id="dfp-tlb" class="everyonelovesstackoverflow everyoneloves__top-leaderboard everyoneloves__leaderboard"></div>
|
|
<div class="js-report-ad-button-container " style="width: 728px"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-layout ">
|
|
<div class="votecell post-layout--left">
|
|
<div class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-300" data-post-id="33255" data-referrer="None">
|
|
<button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This question shows research effort; it is useful and clear"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Up vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowUp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 12h16L9 4l-8 8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-theme-body-font fw-bold fs-subheading py4"
|
|
itemprop="upvoteCount"
|
|
data-value="123">
|
|
123
|
|
</div>
|
|
<button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item mb8 s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Down vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowDown" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 6h16l-8 8-8-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="js-saves-btn s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py4"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="saves-btn-33255"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement=""
|
|
title="Save this question."
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
data-post-id="33255"
|
|
data-post-type-id="1"
|
|
data-user-privilege-for-post-click="0"
|
|
aria-controls=""
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-theme-primary-400 js-saves-btn-selected d-none svg-icon iconBookmark" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="js-saves-btn-unselected svg-icon iconBookmarkAlt" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m9 10.6 4 2.66V3H5v10.26l4-2.66ZM3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/33255/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4h3L3 9Zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10V5Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="postcell post-layout--right">
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text">
|
|
|
|
<p>I am having a hard time defining and running my own shell functions in zsh. I followed <a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Functions.html">the instructions</a> on the official documentation and tried with easy example first, but I failed to get it work. </p>
|
|
|
|
<p>I have a folder:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>~/.my_zsh_functions
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>In this folder I have a file called <code>functions_1</code> with <code>rwx</code> user permissions. In this file I have the following shell function defined:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>my_function () {
|
|
echo "Hello world";
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>I defined <code>FPATH</code> to include the path to the folder <code>~/.my_zsh_functions</code>:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>export FPATH=~/.my_zsh_functions:$FPATH
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>I can confirm that the folder <code>.my_zsh_functions</code> is in the functions path with <code>echo $FPATH</code> or <code>echo $fpath</code></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>However, if I then try the following from the shell:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>> autoload my_function
|
|
> my_function
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>I get:</p>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<p>zsh: my_test_function: function definition file not found</p>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<p>Is there anything else I need to do to be able to call <code>my_function</code> ?</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Update:</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>The answers so far suggest sourcing the file with the zsh functions. This makes sense, but I am bit confused. Shouldn't zsh know where those files are with <code>FPATH</code>? What is the purpose of <code>autoload</code> then?</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="mt24 mb12">
|
|
<div class="post-taglist d-flex gs4 gsy fd-column">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ps-relative fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<ul class='ml0 list-ls-none js-post-tag-list-wrapper d-inline'><li class='d-inline mr4 js-post-tag-list-item'><a href="/questions/tagged/shell-script" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'shell-script'" aria-label="show questions tagged 'shell-script'" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-shell-script-tooltip-container">shell-script</a></li><li class='d-inline mr4 js-post-tag-list-item'><a href="/questions/tagged/zsh" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'zsh'" aria-label="show questions tagged 'zsh'" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-zsh-tooltip-container">zsh</a></li></ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="mb0 ">
|
|
<div class="mt16 d-flex gs8 gsy fw-wrap jc-end ai-start pt4 mb16">
|
|
<div class="flex--item mr16 fl1 w96">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="33255" data-post-type-id="1">
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/q/33255"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
itemprop="url"
|
|
class="js-share-link js-gps-track"
|
|
title="Short permalink to this question"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 1 })"
|
|
data-controller="se-share-sheet"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this question"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-subtitle=""
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-post-type="question"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter "
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-location="1"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f3.0%2f"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 3.0"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33255/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 1 })" title="">Improve this question</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<button type="button"
|
|
id="btnFollowPost-33255" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-question js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 1 })"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls=""
|
|
title="Follow this question to receive notifications">
|
|
Follow
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item">
|
|
<div class="user-info ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33255/revisions" title="show all edits to this post"
|
|
class="js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 4, priv: 0, post_type: 1 })">edited <span title='2012-03-02 18:16:00Z' class='relativetime'>Mar 2, 2012 at 18:16</span></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="name">Amelio Vazquez-Reina</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="post-signature owner flex--item">
|
|
<div class="user-info user-hover ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
asked <span title='2012-03-02 17:23:16Z' class='relativetime'>Mar 2, 2012 at 17:23</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/4531/amelio-vazquez-reina"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/ilsZ4.jpg?s=64&g=1" alt="Amelio Vazquez-Reina's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<a href="/users/4531/amelio-vazquez-reina">Amelio Vazquez-Reina</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">Amelio Vazquez-Reina</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score 41,031" dir="ltr">41k</span><span title="80 gold badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge1"></span><span class="badgecount">80</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">80 gold badges</span><span title="201 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">201</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">201 silver badges</span><span title="295 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">295</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">295 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount">4</span>
|
|
<div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component">
|
|
<div id="comments-33255" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="33255" data-min-length="15">
|
|
<ul class="comments-list js-comments-list"
|
|
data-remaining-comments-count="0"
|
|
data-canpost="false"
|
|
data-cansee="true"
|
|
data-comments-unavailable="false"
|
|
data-addlink-disabled="true">
|
|
|
|
<li id="comment-45071" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="45071" data-comment-owner-id="15483" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">Make sure you have the $ZDOTDIR properly defined. <a href="http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Intro/intro_3.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">zsh.sourceforge.net/Intro/intro_3.html</a></span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/15483/ramonovski"
|
|
title="540 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">ramonovski</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2012-03-02 17:58:15Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 2, 2012 at 17:58</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 1 time">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-47366" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="47366" data-comment-owner-id="16453" data-comment-score="2">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">2</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">The value of $ZDOTDIR is not related to this problem. The variable defines where zsh is looking for a user's configuration files. If it is unset $HOME is used instead, which is the right value for almost everybody.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/16453/frank-terbeck"
|
|
title="2,176 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Frank Terbeck</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2012-03-24 14:46:39Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 24, 2012 at 14:46</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 1 time">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1150733" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1150733" data-comment-owner-id="38918" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">I agree that sourcing isn't the <code>zsh</code> way, but if you intend to use your dotfiles (or parts of them) across your zsh and bash configs, then using <code>source</code> is the only option that you have.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/38918/kapad"
|
|
title="101 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">kapad</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2020-10-20 09:16:37Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Oct 20, 2020 at 9:16</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1383333" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1383333" data-comment-owner-id="16453" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">On bash compatibility: This question is concerned with zsh's loadable function system. It has nothing to do with bash (and to my knowledge has not equivalent in bash). Sourcing files from <code>$FPATH</code> either defeats autoloading or plainly does not work.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/16453/frank-terbeck"
|
|
title="2,176 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Frank Terbeck</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2022-12-24 09:42:06Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Dec 24, 2022 at 9:42</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="comments-link-33255" data-rep=50 data-anon=true>
|
|
<a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid answering questions in comments." href="#" role="button">Add a comment</a>
|
|
<span class="js-link-separator dno"> | </span>
|
|
<a class="js-show-link comments-link dno" title="Expand to show all comments on this post" href=# onclick="" role="button"></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="answers">
|
|
<a name="tab-top"></a>
|
|
<div id="answers-header">
|
|
<div class="answers-subheader d-flex ai-center mb8">
|
|
<div class="flex--item fl1">
|
|
<h2 class="mb0" data-answercount="5">
|
|
5 Answers
|
|
<span style="display:none;" itemprop="answerCount">5</span>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex g4 gsx ai-center sm:fd-column sm:ai-start">
|
|
<div class="d-flex fd-column ai-end sm:ai-start">
|
|
<label class="flex--item fs-caption" for="answer-sort-dropdown-select-menu">
|
|
Sorted by:
|
|
</label>
|
|
<a
|
|
class="js-sort-preference-change s-link flex--item fs-fine d-none"
|
|
data-value="ScoreDesc"
|
|
href="/questions/33255/how-to-define-and-load-your-own-shell-function-in-zsh?answertab=scoredesc#tab-top"
|
|
>
|
|
Reset to default
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item s-select">
|
|
<select id="answer-sort-dropdown-select-menu">
|
|
<option
|
|
value=scoredesc
|
|
selected=selected
|
|
>
|
|
Highest score (default)
|
|
</option>
|
|
<option
|
|
value=modifieddesc
|
|
>
|
|
Date modified (newest first)
|
|
</option>
|
|
<option
|
|
value=createdasc
|
|
>
|
|
Date created (oldest first)
|
|
</option>
|
|
</select>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="33898"></a>
|
|
<div id="answer-33898" class="answer js-answer accepted-answer js-accepted-answer" data-answerid="33898" data-parentid="33255" data-score="189" data-position-on-page="1" data-highest-scored="1" data-question-has-accepted-highest-score="1" itemprop="acceptedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer">
|
|
<div class="post-layout">
|
|
<div class="votecell post-layout--left">
|
|
<div class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-300" data-post-id="33898" data-referrer="None">
|
|
<button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Up vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowUp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 12h16L9 4l-8 8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-theme-body-font fw-bold fs-subheading py4"
|
|
itemprop="upvoteCount"
|
|
data-value="189">
|
|
189
|
|
</div>
|
|
<button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item mb8 s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is not useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Down vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowDown" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 6h16l-8 8-8-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="js-saves-btn s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py4"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="saves-btn-33898"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement=""
|
|
title="Save this answer."
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
data-post-id="33898"
|
|
data-post-type-id="2"
|
|
data-user-privilege-for-post-click="0"
|
|
aria-controls=""
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-theme-primary-400 js-saves-btn-selected d-none svg-icon iconBookmark" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="js-saves-btn-unselected svg-icon iconBookmarkAlt" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m9 10.6 4 2.66V3H5v10.26l4-2.66ZM3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-accepted-answer-indicator flex--item fc-green-400 py6 mtn8" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Loading when this answer was accepted…" tabindex="0" role="note" aria-label="Accepted">
|
|
<div class="ta-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconCheckmarkLg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="m6 14 8 8L30 6v8L14 30l-8-8v-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/33898/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4h3L3 9Zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10V5Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="answercell post-layout--right">
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text">
|
|
<p>In zsh, the function search path ($fpath) defines a set of directories, which contain files that can be marked to be loaded automatically when the function they contain is needed for the first time.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Zsh has two modes of autoloading files: Zsh's native way and another mode that resembles ksh's autoloading. The latter is active if the KSH_AUTOLOAD option is set. Zsh's native mode is the default and I will not discuss the other way here (see "man zshmisc" and "man zshoptions" for details about ksh-style autoloading).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Okay. Say you got a directory `~/.zfunc' and you want it to be part of the function search path, you do this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>fpath=( ~/.zfunc "${fpath[@]}" )
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>That adds your private directory to the <strong>front</strong> of the search path. That is important if you want to override functions from zsh's installation with your own (like, when you want to use an updated completion function such as `_git' from zsh's CVS repository with an older installed version of the shell).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>It is also worth noting, that the directories from `$fpath' are not searched recursively. If you want your private directory to be searched recursively, you will have to take care of that yourself, like this (the following snippet requires the `EXTENDED_GLOB' option to be set):</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>fpath=(
|
|
~/.zfuncs
|
|
~/.zfuncs/**/*~*/(CVS)#(/N)
|
|
"${fpath[@]}"
|
|
)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>It may look cryptic to the untrained eye, but it really just adds all directories below `~/.zfunc' to `$fpath', while ignoring directories called "CVS" (which is useful, if you're planning to checkout a whole function tree from zsh's CVS into your private search path).</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Let's assume you got a file `~/.zfunc/hello' that contains the following line:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>printf 'Hello world.\n'
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>All you need to do now is <strong>mark</strong> the function to be automatically loaded upon its first reference:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>autoload -Uz hello
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>"What is the -Uz about?", you ask? Well, that's just a set of options that will cause `autoload' to do the right thing, no matter what options are being set otherwise. The `U' disables alias expansion while the function is being loaded and the `z' forces zsh-style autoloading even if `KSH_AUTOLOAD' is set for whatever reason.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>After that has been taken care of, you can use your new `hello' function:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre>zsh% hello
|
|
Hello world.</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>A word about sourcing these files: That's just <strong>wrong</strong>. If you'd source that `~/.zfunc/hello' file, it would just print "Hello world." once. Nothing more. No function will be defined. And besides, the idea is to only load the function's code when it is <strong>required</strong>. After the `autoload' call the function's definition is <strong>not</strong> read. The function is just marked to be autoloaded later as needed.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>And finally, a note about $FPATH and $fpath: Zsh maintains those as linked parameters. The lower case parameter is an array. The upper case version is a string scalar, that contains the entries from the linked array joined by colons in between the entries. This is done, because handling a list of scalars is way more natural using arrays, while also maintaining backwards compatibility for code that uses the scalar parameter. If you choose to use $FPATH (the scalar one), you need to be careful:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>FPATH=~/.zfunc:$FPATH
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>will work, while the following will not:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>FPATH="~/.zfunc:$FPATH"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>The reason is that tilde expansion is not performed within double quotes. This is likely the source of your problems. If <code>echo $FPATH</code> prints a tilde and not an expanded path then it will not work. To be safe, I'd use $HOME instead of a tilde like this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>FPATH="$HOME/.zfunc:$FPATH"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>That being said, I'd much rather use the array parameter like I did at the top of this explanation.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>You also shouldn't export the $FPATH parameter. It is only needed by the current shell process and not by any of its children.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Update</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Regarding the contents of files in `$fpath':</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>With zsh-style autoloading, the content of a file is the body of the function it defines. Thus a file named "hello" containing a line <code>echo "Hello world."</code> completely defines a function called "hello". You're free to put
|
|
<code>hello () { ... }</code> around the code, but that would be superfluous.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The claim that one file may only contain one function is not entirely correct, though.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Especially if you look at some functions from the function based completion system (compsys) you'll quickly realise that that is a misconception. You are free to define additional functions in a function file. You are also free to do any sort of initialisation, that you may need to do the first time the function is called. However, when you do you will always define a function that is named like the file in the file and <strong>call that function</strong> at the end of the file, so it gets run the first time the function is referenced.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>If - with sub-functions - you didn't define a function named like the file within the file, you'd end up with that function having function definitions in it (namely those of the sub-functions in the file). You would effectively be defining all your sub-functions every time you call the function that is named like the file. Normally, that is <strong>not</strong> what you want, so you'd re-define a function, that's named like the file within the file.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>I'll include a short skeleton, that will give you an idea of how that works:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code># Let's again assume that these are the contents of a file called "hello".
|
|
|
|
# You may run arbitrary code in here, that will run the first time the
|
|
# function is referenced. Commonly, that is initialisation code. For example
|
|
# the `_tmux' completion function does exactly that.
|
|
echo initialising...
|
|
|
|
# You may also define additional functions in here. Note, that these
|
|
# functions are visible in global scope, so it is paramount to take
|
|
# care when you're naming these so you do not shadow existing commands or
|
|
# redefine existing functions.
|
|
hello_helper_one () {
|
|
printf 'Hello'
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
hello_helper_two () {
|
|
printf 'world.'
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Now you should redefine the "hello" function (which currently contains
|
|
# all the code from the file) to something that covers its actual
|
|
# functionality. After that, the two helper functions along with the core
|
|
# function will be defined and visible in global scope.
|
|
hello () {
|
|
printf '%s %s\n' "$(hello_helper_one)" "$(hello_helper_two)"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Finally run the redefined function with the same arguments as the current
|
|
# run. If this is left out, the functionality implemented by the newly
|
|
# defined "hello" function is not executed upon its first call. So:
|
|
hello "$@"
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you'd run this silly example, the first run would look like this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre>zsh% hello
|
|
initialising...
|
|
Hello world.</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>And consecutive calls will look like this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre>zsh% hello
|
|
Hello World.</pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>I hope this clears things up.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>(One of the more complex real-world examples that uses all those tricks is the already mentioned `<a href="http://sourceforge.net/p/zsh/code/ci/master/tree/Completion/Unix/Command/_tmux" rel="noreferrer">_tmux</a>' function from zsh's function based completion system.)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="mt24">
|
|
<div class="d-flex fw-wrap ai-start jc-end gs8 gsy">
|
|
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-03-10T12:53:58"></time>
|
|
<div class="flex--item mr16" style="flex: 1 1 100px;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="33898" data-post-type-id="2">
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/a/33898"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
itemprop="url"
|
|
class="js-share-link js-gps-track"
|
|
title="Short permalink to this answer"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="se-share-sheet"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-subtitle=""
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-post-type="answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter "
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-location="2"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f3.0%2f"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 3.0"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33898/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" title="">Improve this answer</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<button type="button"
|
|
id="btnFollowPost-33898" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-answer js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls=""
|
|
title="Follow this answer to receive notifications">
|
|
Follow
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info user-hover ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33898/revisions" title="show all edits to this post"
|
|
class="js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 4, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })">edited <span title='2018-01-18 11:59:30Z' class='relativetime'>Jan 18, 2018 at 11:59</span></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/117549/jeff-schaller"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-wBY-4a1-0jo/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAfc/4BCoMMK1rqg/photo.jpg?sz=64" alt="Jeff Schaller's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details">
|
|
<a href="/users/117549/jeff-schaller">Jeff Schaller</a><span class="mod-flair mtn2" title="Moderator">♦</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score 67,182" dir="ltr">67.2k</span><span title="35 gold badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge1"></span><span class="badgecount">35</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">35 gold badges</span><span title="116 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">116</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">116 silver badges</span><span title="255 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">255</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">255 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
answered <span title='2012-03-10 12:53:58Z' class='relativetime'>Mar 10, 2012 at 12:53</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/16453/frank-terbeck"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/40d943e8b13cded792981f8f5c729197?s=64&d=identicon&r=PG" alt="Frank Terbeck's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<a href="/users/16453/frank-terbeck">Frank Terbeck</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">Frank Terbeck</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score " dir="ltr">2,176</span><span title="1 gold badge" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge1"></span><span class="badgecount">1</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">1 gold badge</span><span title="12 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">12</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">12 silver badges</span><span title="5 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">5</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">5 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount">17</span>
|
|
<div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component">
|
|
<div id="comments-33898" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="33898" data-min-length="15">
|
|
<ul class="comments-list js-comments-list"
|
|
data-remaining-comments-count="12"
|
|
data-canpost="false"
|
|
data-cansee="true"
|
|
data-comments-unavailable="false"
|
|
data-addlink-disabled="true">
|
|
|
|
<li id="comment-45996" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="45996" data-comment-owner-id="4531" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">Thanks Frank! I read in the other answers that I can only define one function per file, is that right? I noticed you didn't use the syntax <code>my_function () { }</code> in your <code>Hello world</code> example. If the syntax is not needed, when would it be useful to use it?</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/4531/amelio-vazquez-reina"
|
|
title="41,031 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user owner">Amelio Vazquez-Reina</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2012-03-10 20:26:50Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 10, 2012 at 20:26</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 2 times">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-46008" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="46008" data-comment-owner-id="16453" data-comment-score="2">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">2</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">I extended the original answer to address those questions as well.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/16453/frank-terbeck"
|
|
title="2,176 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Frank Terbeck</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2012-03-10 22:43:36Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 10, 2012 at 22:43</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-720398" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="720398" data-comment-owner-id="72988" data-comment-score="1">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">1</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy"><a href="http://bewatermyfriend.org/p/2012/003/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Here</a> is more info from your site, thanks.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/72988/timo"
|
|
title="338 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Timo</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2017-11-07 15:25:51Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Nov 7, 2017 at 15:25</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1092953" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1092953" data-comment-owner-id="276327" data-comment-score="1">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">1</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">What a superb answer. Thank you!</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/276327/meanwhileinhell"
|
|
title="101 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">MeanwhileInHell</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2020-05-15 11:51:00Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>May 15, 2020 at 11:51</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1150219" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1150219" data-comment-owner-id="16453" data-comment-score="1">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">1</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">vfclists: It's important to understand what the <code>autoload</code> <i>does</i>: It marks a function to be loaded automatically when referenced first. So, if you just want to try things out, you can do it from the command line. If you want a function to be marked for autoloading in each interactive instance of zsh, you can put it into your <code>~/.zshrc</code>.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/16453/frank-terbeck"
|
|
title="2,176 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Frank Terbeck</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2020-10-18 19:53:07Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Oct 18, 2020 at 19:53</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="comments-link-33898" data-rep=50 data-anon=true>
|
|
<a class="js-add-link comments-link dno" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”." href="#" role="button"></a>
|
|
<span class="js-link-separator dno"> | </span>
|
|
<a class="js-show-link comments-link " title="Expand to show all comments on this post" href=# onclick="" role="button">Show <b>12</b> more comments</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-zone-container zone-container-main">
|
|
<div id="dfp-mlb" class="everyonelovesstackoverflow everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard everyoneloves__leaderboard"></div>
|
|
<div class="js-report-ad-button-container " style="width: 728px"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<a name="33322"></a>
|
|
<div id="answer-33322" class="answer js-answer" data-answerid="33322" data-parentid="33255" data-score="12" data-position-on-page="2" data-highest-scored="0" data-question-has-accepted-highest-score="1" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer">
|
|
<div class="post-layout">
|
|
<div class="votecell post-layout--left">
|
|
<div class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-300" data-post-id="33322" data-referrer="None">
|
|
<button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Up vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowUp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 12h16L9 4l-8 8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-theme-body-font fw-bold fs-subheading py4"
|
|
itemprop="upvoteCount"
|
|
data-value="12">
|
|
12
|
|
</div>
|
|
<button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item mb8 s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is not useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Down vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowDown" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 6h16l-8 8-8-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="js-saves-btn s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py4"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="saves-btn-33322"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement=""
|
|
title="Save this answer."
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
data-post-id="33322"
|
|
data-post-type-id="2"
|
|
data-user-privilege-for-post-click="0"
|
|
aria-controls=""
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-theme-primary-400 js-saves-btn-selected d-none svg-icon iconBookmark" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="js-saves-btn-unselected svg-icon iconBookmarkAlt" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m9 10.6 4 2.66V3H5v10.26l4-2.66ZM3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-accepted-answer-indicator flex--item fc-green-400 py6 mtn8 d-none" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Loading when this answer was accepted…" tabindex="0" role="note" aria-label="Accepted">
|
|
<div class="ta-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconCheckmarkLg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="m6 14 8 8L30 6v8L14 30l-8-8v-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/33322/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4h3L3 9Zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10V5Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="answercell post-layout--right">
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text">
|
|
<p>The name of the file in a directory named by an <code>fpath</code> element must match the name of the autoloadable function it defines.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Your function is named <code>my_function</code> and <code>~/.my_zsh_functions</code> is the intended directory in your <code>fpath</code>, so the definition of <code>my_function</code> should be in the file <code>~/.my_zsh_functions/my_function</code>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The plural in your proposed filename (<code>functions_1</code>) indicates that you were planning on putting multiple functions in the file. This is not how <code>fpath</code> and autoloading work. You should have one function definition per file.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="mt24">
|
|
<div class="d-flex fw-wrap ai-start jc-end gs8 gsy">
|
|
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-03-03T11:35:27"></time>
|
|
<div class="flex--item mr16" style="flex: 1 1 100px;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="33322" data-post-type-id="2">
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/a/33322"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
itemprop="url"
|
|
class="js-share-link js-gps-track"
|
|
title="Short permalink to this answer"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="se-share-sheet"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-subtitle=""
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-post-type="answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter "
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-location="2"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f3.0%2f"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 3.0"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33322/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" title="">Improve this answer</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<button type="button"
|
|
id="btnFollowPost-33322" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-answer js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls=""
|
|
title="Follow this answer to receive notifications">
|
|
Follow
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
answered <span title='2012-03-03 11:35:27Z' class='relativetime'>Mar 3, 2012 at 11:35</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/1107/chris-johnsen"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/c8134b3aced69c76a88722e3d36ba034?s=64&d=identicon&r=PG" alt="Chris Johnsen's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<a href="/users/1107/chris-johnsen">Chris Johnsen</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">Chris Johnsen</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score 20,080" dir="ltr">20.1k</span><span title="8 gold badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge1"></span><span class="badgecount">8</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">8 gold badges</span><span title="65 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">65</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">65 silver badges</span><span title="54 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">54</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">54 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount">1</span>
|
|
<div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component">
|
|
<div id="comments-33322" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="33322" data-min-length="15">
|
|
<ul class="comments-list js-comments-list"
|
|
data-remaining-comments-count="0"
|
|
data-canpost="false"
|
|
data-cansee="true"
|
|
data-comments-unavailable="false"
|
|
data-addlink-disabled="true">
|
|
|
|
<li id="comment-1406368" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1406368" data-comment-owner-id="182628" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">Thanks Chris! Used this to do <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/740498/how-to-retain-color-output-with-custom-zsh-function">this</a> and now I can actually use it :) I had to rename my file <code>>.<</code></span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/182628/sumneuron"
|
|
title="205 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">SumNeuron</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2023-03-21 15:39:16Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 21, 2023 at 15:39</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 2 times">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="comments-link-33322" data-rep=50 data-anon=true>
|
|
<a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”." href="#" role="button">Add a comment</a>
|
|
<span class="js-link-separator dno"> | </span>
|
|
<a class="js-show-link comments-link dno" title="Expand to show all comments on this post" href=# onclick="" role="button"></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="526429"></a>
|
|
<div id="answer-526429" class="answer js-answer" data-answerid="526429" data-parentid="33255" data-score="12" data-position-on-page="3" data-highest-scored="0" data-question-has-accepted-highest-score="1" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer">
|
|
<div class="post-layout">
|
|
<div class="votecell post-layout--left">
|
|
<div class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-300" data-post-id="526429" data-referrer="None">
|
|
<button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Up vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowUp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 12h16L9 4l-8 8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-theme-body-font fw-bold fs-subheading py4"
|
|
itemprop="upvoteCount"
|
|
data-value="12">
|
|
12
|
|
</div>
|
|
<button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item mb8 s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is not useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Down vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowDown" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 6h16l-8 8-8-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="js-saves-btn s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py4"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="saves-btn-526429"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement=""
|
|
title="Save this answer."
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
data-post-id="526429"
|
|
data-post-type-id="2"
|
|
data-user-privilege-for-post-click="0"
|
|
aria-controls=""
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-theme-primary-400 js-saves-btn-selected d-none svg-icon iconBookmark" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="js-saves-btn-unselected svg-icon iconBookmarkAlt" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m9 10.6 4 2.66V3H5v10.26l4-2.66ZM3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-accepted-answer-indicator flex--item fc-green-400 py6 mtn8 d-none" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Loading when this answer was accepted…" tabindex="0" role="note" aria-label="Accepted">
|
|
<div class="ta-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconCheckmarkLg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="m6 14 8 8L30 6v8L14 30l-8-8v-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/526429/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4h3L3 9Zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10V5Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="answercell post-layout--right">
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text">
|
|
<p>Sourcing definitely isn't the right approach, since what you seem to want is to have lazy initialized functions. That's what <code>autoload</code> is for. Here's how you accomplish what you're after.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>In your <code>~/.my_zsh_functions</code>, you say you want to put a function called <code>my_function</code> that echos "hello world". But, you wrap it in a function call, which isn't how this works. Instead, you need to make a file called <code>~/.my_zsh_functions/my_function</code>. In it, just put <code>echo "Hello world"</code>, not in a function wrapper. You could also do something like this if you really do prefer to have the wrapper.</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code># ~/.my_zsh_functions/my_function
|
|
__my_function () {
|
|
echo "Hello world";
|
|
}
|
|
# you have to call __my_function
|
|
# if this is how you choose to do it
|
|
__my_function
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Next, in your <code>.zshrc</code> file, add the following:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>fpath=(~/.my_zsh_functions $fpath);
|
|
autoload -U ~/.my_zsh_functions/my_function
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>When you load a new ZSH shell, type <code>which my_function</code>. You should see this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>my_function () {
|
|
# undefined
|
|
builtin autoload -XU
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>ZSH just stubbed out my_function for you with <code>autoload -X</code>. Now, run <code>my_function</code> by just typing <code>my_function</code>. You should see <code>Hello world</code> print out, and now when you run <code>which my_function</code> you should see the function filled in like this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>my_function () {
|
|
echo "Hello world"
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Now, the real magic comes when you set up your whole <code>~/.my_zsh_functions</code> folder to work with <code>autoload</code>. If you want every file you drop in this folder to work like this, change what you put in your <code>.zshrc</code> to something this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code># add ~/.my_zsh_functions to fpath, and then lazy autoload
|
|
# every file in there as a function
|
|
fpath=(~/.my_zsh_functions $fpath);
|
|
autoload -U $fpath[1]/*(.:t)
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="mt24">
|
|
<div class="d-flex fw-wrap ai-start jc-end gs8 gsy">
|
|
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2019-06-22T21:23:08"></time>
|
|
<div class="flex--item mr16" style="flex: 1 1 100px;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="526429" data-post-type-id="2">
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/a/526429"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
itemprop="url"
|
|
class="js-share-link js-gps-track"
|
|
title="Short permalink to this answer"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="se-share-sheet"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-subtitle=""
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-post-type="answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter "
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-location="2"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f4.0%2f"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 4.0"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/posts/526429/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" title="">Improve this answer</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<button type="button"
|
|
id="btnFollowPost-526429" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-answer js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls=""
|
|
title="Follow this answer to receive notifications">
|
|
Follow
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
<a href="/posts/526429/revisions" title="show all edits to this post"
|
|
class="js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 4, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })">edited <span title='2020-05-17 21:01:49Z' class='relativetime'>May 17, 2020 at 21:01</span></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details">
|
|
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info user-hover ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
answered <span title='2019-06-22 21:23:08Z' class='relativetime'>Jun 22, 2019 at 21:23</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/84777/mattmc3"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/d23b2cf9de6548618d481fd39afd5d66?s=64&d=identicon&r=PG" alt="mattmc3's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<a href="/users/84777/mattmc3">mattmc3</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">mattmc3</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score " dir="ltr">352</span><span title="3 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">3</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">3 silver badges</span><span title="8 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">8</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">8 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount">5</span>
|
|
<div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component">
|
|
<div id="comments-526429" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="526429" data-min-length="15">
|
|
<ul class="comments-list js-comments-list"
|
|
data-remaining-comments-count="0"
|
|
data-canpost="false"
|
|
data-cansee="true"
|
|
data-comments-unavailable="false"
|
|
data-addlink-disabled="true">
|
|
|
|
<li id="comment-1059386" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1059386" data-comment-owner-id="397235" data-comment-score="2">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">2</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">On Mac OS 10.15.2 with zsh 5.7.1 I had to add a <code>$</code> infront of fpath like: <code>autoload -U $fpath[1]/*(.:t)</code></span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/397235/andy-longwill"
|
|
title="101 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Andy Longwill</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2020-02-25 14:38:03Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Feb 25, 2020 at 14:38</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 2 times">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1271188" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1271188" data-comment-owner-id="384540" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">What happens if there is a a directory in the directory I am autoloading every file from?</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/384540/trallnag"
|
|
title="101 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">trallnag</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2021-10-17 22:31:29Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Oct 17, 2021 at 22:31</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1272167" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1272167" data-comment-owner-id="84777" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">You can dot that, but you'll want to use extended globbing and the double star syntax: <code>setopt extended_glob; autoload -U $fpath[1]/**/*(.:t)</code></span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/84777/mattmc3"
|
|
title="352 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">mattmc3</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2021-10-20 16:11:09Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Oct 20, 2021 at 16:11</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1405219" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1405219" data-comment-owner-id="201322" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">Why you didn't use <code>autoload -Uz</code> but only <code>autoload -U</code>? IIRC, these two options are better to be used together.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/201322/niing"
|
|
title="793 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">Niing</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2023-03-16 10:17:48Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 16, 2023 at 10:17</span></span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li id="comment-1405358" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="1405358" data-comment-owner-id="84777" data-comment-score="0">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">@Niing - If there's a chance <code>KSH_AUTOLOAD</code> was set somewhere in your config and you don't actually want that for your autoload functions, then sure - <code>autoload -Uz</code> ensures you are in Zsh mode when autoloading. But for most people's config that's probably not a real problem.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/84777/mattmc3"
|
|
title="352 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user">mattmc3</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2023-03-16 20:25:56Z, License: CC BY-SA 4.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 16, 2023 at 20:25</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 1 time">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="comments-link-526429" data-rep=50 data-anon=true>
|
|
<a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”." href="#" role="button">Add a comment</a>
|
|
<span class="js-link-separator dno"> | </span>
|
|
<a class="js-show-link comments-link dno" title="Expand to show all comments on this post" href=# onclick="" role="button"></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-zone-container zone-container-main">
|
|
<div id="dfp-smlb" class="everyonelovesstackoverflow everyoneloves__mid-second-leaderboard everyoneloves__leaderboard"></div>
|
|
<div class="js-report-ad-button-container " style="width: 728px"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<a name="33257"></a>
|
|
<div id="answer-33257" class="answer js-answer" data-answerid="33257" data-parentid="33255" data-score="0" data-position-on-page="4" data-highest-scored="0" data-question-has-accepted-highest-score="1" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer">
|
|
<div class="post-layout">
|
|
<div class="votecell post-layout--left">
|
|
<div class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-300" data-post-id="33257" data-referrer="None">
|
|
<button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Up vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowUp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 12h16L9 4l-8 8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-theme-body-font fw-bold fs-subheading py4"
|
|
itemprop="upvoteCount"
|
|
data-value="0">
|
|
0
|
|
</div>
|
|
<button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item mb8 s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is not useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Down vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowDown" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 6h16l-8 8-8-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="js-saves-btn s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py4"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="saves-btn-33257"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement=""
|
|
title="Save this answer."
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
data-post-id="33257"
|
|
data-post-type-id="2"
|
|
data-user-privilege-for-post-click="0"
|
|
aria-controls=""
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-theme-primary-400 js-saves-btn-selected d-none svg-icon iconBookmark" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="js-saves-btn-unselected svg-icon iconBookmarkAlt" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m9 10.6 4 2.66V3H5v10.26l4-2.66ZM3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-accepted-answer-indicator flex--item fc-green-400 py6 mtn8 d-none" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Loading when this answer was accepted…" tabindex="0" role="note" aria-label="Accepted">
|
|
<div class="ta-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconCheckmarkLg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="m6 14 8 8L30 6v8L14 30l-8-8v-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/33257/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4h3L3 9Zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10V5Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="answercell post-layout--right">
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text">
|
|
<p>give <code>source ~/.my_zsh_functions/functions1</code> in the terminal and the evaluate <code>my_function</code>, now you will be able to call the function</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="mt24">
|
|
<div class="d-flex fw-wrap ai-start jc-end gs8 gsy">
|
|
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-03-02T17:56:37"></time>
|
|
<div class="flex--item mr16" style="flex: 1 1 100px;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="33257" data-post-type-id="2">
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/a/33257"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
itemprop="url"
|
|
class="js-share-link js-gps-track"
|
|
title="Short permalink to this answer"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="se-share-sheet"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-subtitle=""
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-post-type="answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter "
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-location="2"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f3.0%2f"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 3.0"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33257/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" title="">Improve this answer</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<button type="button"
|
|
id="btnFollowPost-33257" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-answer js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls=""
|
|
title="Follow this answer to receive notifications">
|
|
Follow
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info user-hover ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
answered <span title='2012-03-02 17:56:37Z' class='relativetime'>Mar 2, 2012 at 17:56</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/13461/harish-venkat"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/kFjSl.jpg?s=64&g=1" alt="harish.venkat's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<a href="/users/13461/harish-venkat">harish.venkat</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">harish.venkat</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score " dir="ltr">7,543</span><span title="3 gold badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge1"></span><span class="badgecount">3</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">3 gold badges</span><span title="26 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">26</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">26 silver badges</span><span title="30 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">30</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">30 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount">1</span>
|
|
<div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component">
|
|
<div id="comments-33257" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="33257" data-min-length="15">
|
|
<ul class="comments-list js-comments-list"
|
|
data-remaining-comments-count="0"
|
|
data-canpost="false"
|
|
data-cansee="true"
|
|
data-comments-unavailable="false"
|
|
data-addlink-disabled="true">
|
|
|
|
<li id="comment-45076" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="45076" data-comment-owner-id="4531" data-comment-score="3">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">3</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">Thanks, but what is the role of <code>FPATH</code> and <code>autoload</code> then? Why do I also need to source the file? See my updated question.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/4531/amelio-vazquez-reina"
|
|
title="41,031 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user owner">Amelio Vazquez-Reina</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2012-03-02 18:17:10Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 2, 2012 at 18:17</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 1 time">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="comments-link-33257" data-rep=50 data-anon=true>
|
|
<a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”." href="#" role="button">Add a comment</a>
|
|
<span class="js-link-separator dno"> | </span>
|
|
<a class="js-show-link comments-link dno" title="Expand to show all comments on this post" href=# onclick="" role="button"></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="33259"></a>
|
|
<div id="answer-33259" class="answer js-answer" data-answerid="33259" data-parentid="33255" data-score="-1" data-position-on-page="5" data-highest-scored="0" data-question-has-accepted-highest-score="1" itemprop="suggestedAnswer" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Answer">
|
|
<div class="post-layout">
|
|
<div class="votecell post-layout--left">
|
|
<div class="js-voting-container d-flex jc-center fd-column ai-stretch gs4 fc-black-300" data-post-id="33259" data-referrer="None">
|
|
<button class="js-vote-up-btn flex--item s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Up vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowUp" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 12h16L9 4l-8 8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
<div class="js-vote-count flex--item d-flex fd-column ai-center fc-theme-body-font fw-bold fs-subheading py4"
|
|
itemprop="upvoteCount"
|
|
data-value="-1">
|
|
-1
|
|
</div>
|
|
<button class="js-vote-down-btn flex--item mb8 s-btn ba bar-pill c-pointer as-center bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
title="This answer is not useful"
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
aria-label="Down vote"
|
|
data-selected-classes="fc-theme-primary-100 bc-theme-primary-500 bg-theme-primary-500"
|
|
data-unselected-classes="bc-black-225 fc-black-500 h:bg-theme-primary-200 h:fc-black-500 f:fc-black-050">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconArrowDown" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M1 6h16l-8 8-8-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<button class="js-saves-btn s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py4"
|
|
type="button"
|
|
id="saves-btn-33259"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip"
|
|
data-s-tooltip-placement="right"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement=""
|
|
title="Save this answer."
|
|
aria-pressed="false"
|
|
data-post-id="33259"
|
|
data-post-type-id="2"
|
|
data-user-privilege-for-post-click="0"
|
|
aria-controls=""
|
|
data-s-popover-auto-show="false"
|
|
>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-theme-primary-400 js-saves-btn-selected d-none svg-icon iconBookmark" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="js-saves-btn-unselected svg-icon iconBookmarkAlt" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="m9 10.6 4 2.66V3H5v10.26l4-2.66ZM3 17V3c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14l-6-4-6 4Z"/></svg>
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-accepted-answer-indicator flex--item fc-green-400 py6 mtn8 d-none" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Loading when this answer was accepted…" tabindex="0" role="note" aria-label="Accepted">
|
|
<div class="ta-center">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconCheckmarkLg" width="36" height="36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path d="m6 14 8 8L30 6v8L14 30l-8-8v-8Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="js-post-issue flex--item s-btn s-btn__unset c-pointer py6 mx-auto" href="/posts/33259/timeline" data-shortcut="T" data-ks-title="timeline" data-controller="s-tooltip" data-s-tooltip-placement="right" title="Show activity on this post." aria-label="Timeline"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="mln2 mr0 svg-icon iconHistory" width="19" height="18" viewBox="0 0 19 18"><path d="M3 9a8 8 0 1 1 3.73 6.77L8.2 14.3A6 6 0 1 0 5 9l3.01-.01-4 4-4-4h3L3 9Zm7-4h1.01L11 9.36l3.22 2.1-.6.93L10 10V5Z"/></svg></a>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="answercell post-layout--right">
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-prose js-post-body" itemprop="text">
|
|
<p>You can "load" a file with all your functions in your $ZDOTDIR/.zshrc like this:</p>
|
|
|
|
<pre><code>source $ZDOTDIR/functions_file
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
<p>Or can use a dot "." instead of "source".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="mt24">
|
|
<div class="d-flex fw-wrap ai-start jc-end gs8 gsy">
|
|
<time itemprop="dateCreated" datetime="2012-03-02T18:00:02"></time>
|
|
<div class="flex--item mr16" style="flex: 1 1 100px;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-post-menu pt2" data-post-id="33259" data-post-type-id="2">
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs8 s-anchors s-anchors__muted fw-wrap">
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/a/33259"
|
|
rel="nofollow"
|
|
itemprop="url"
|
|
class="js-share-link js-gps-track"
|
|
title="Short permalink to this answer"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 2, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="se-share-sheet"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-title="Share a link to this answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-subtitle=""
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-post-type="answer"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-social="facebook twitter "
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-location="2"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-url="https%3a%2f%2fcreativecommons.org%2flicenses%2fby-sa%2f3.0%2f"
|
|
data-se-share-sheet-license-name="CC BY-SA 3.0"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom-start">Share</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<a href="/posts/33259/edit" class="js-suggest-edit-post js-gps-track" data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 6, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })" title="">Improve this answer</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<button type="button"
|
|
id="btnFollowPost-33259" class="s-btn s-btn__link js-follow-post js-follow-answer js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="post.click({ item: 14, priv: 0, post_type: 2 })"
|
|
data-controller="s-tooltip " data-s-tooltip-placement="bottom"
|
|
data-s-popover-placement="bottom" aria-controls=""
|
|
title="Follow this answer to receive notifications">
|
|
Follow
|
|
</button>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-menu-popup-container"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="post-signature flex--item fl0">
|
|
<div class="user-info ">
|
|
<div class="d-flex ">
|
|
<div class="user-action-time fl-grow1">
|
|
answered <span title='2012-03-02 18:00:02Z' class='relativetime'>Mar 2, 2012 at 18:00</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-gravatar32">
|
|
<a href="/users/15483/ramonovski"><div class="gravatar-wrapper-32"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/b5366ddd365ea02395bddaf7d616d870?s=64&d=identicon&r=PG" alt="ramonovski's user avatar" width="32" height="32" class="bar-sm"></div></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="user-details" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
|
|
<a href="/users/15483/ramonovski">ramonovski</a><span class="d-none" itemprop="name">ramonovski</span>
|
|
<div class="-flair">
|
|
<span class="reputation-score" title="reputation score " dir="ltr">540</span><span title="3 silver badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge2"></span><span class="badgecount">3</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">3 silver badges</span><span title="7 bronze badges" aria-hidden="true"><span class="badge3"></span><span class="badgecount">7</span></span><span class="v-visible-sr">7 bronze badges</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="d-none" itemprop="commentCount">1</span>
|
|
<div class="post-layout--right js-post-comments-component">
|
|
<div id="comments-33259" class="comments js-comments-container bt bc-black-200 mt12 " data-post-id="33259" data-min-length="15">
|
|
<ul class="comments-list js-comments-list"
|
|
data-remaining-comments-count="0"
|
|
data-canpost="false"
|
|
data-cansee="true"
|
|
data-comments-unavailable="false"
|
|
data-addlink-disabled="true">
|
|
|
|
<li id="comment-45075" class="comment js-comment " data-comment-id="45075" data-comment-owner-id="4531" data-comment-score="1">
|
|
<div class="js-comment-actions comment-actions">
|
|
<div class="comment-score js-comment-score js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
<span title="number of 'useful comment' votes received"
|
|
class="cool">1</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="comment-text js-comment-text-and-form">
|
|
<div class="comment-body js-comment-edit-hide">
|
|
|
|
<span class="comment-copy">Thanks, but what is the role of <code>FPATH</code> and <code>autoload</code> then? Why do I also need to source the file? See my updated question.</span>
|
|
|
|
<div class="d-inline-flex ai-center">
|
|
– <a href="/users/4531/amelio-vazquez-reina"
|
|
title="41,031 reputation"
|
|
class="comment-user owner">Amelio Vazquez-Reina</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<span class="comment-date" dir="ltr"><span title='2012-03-02 18:16:59Z, License: CC BY-SA 3.0' class='relativetime-clean'>Mar 2, 2012 at 18:16</span></span>
|
|
<span title="this comment was edited 1 time">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-bottom o50 svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="comments-link-33259" data-rep=50 data-anon=true>
|
|
<a class="js-add-link comments-link disabled-link" title="Use comments to ask for more information or suggest improvements. Avoid comments like “+1” or “thanks”." href="#" role="button">Add a comment</a>
|
|
<span class="js-link-separator dno"> | </span>
|
|
<a class="js-show-link comments-link dno" title="Expand to show all comments on this post" href=# onclick="" role="button"></a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="bottom-notice">
|
|
You must <a href="/users/login?ssrc=question_page&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f33255">log in</a> to answer this question.
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="bottom-notice" data-loc="1">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged <ul class='ml0 list-ls-none js-post-tag-list-wrapper d-inline'><li class='d-inline mr4 js-post-tag-list-item'><a href="/questions/tagged/shell-script" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'shell-script'" aria-label="show questions tagged 'shell-script'" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-shell-script-tooltip-container">shell-script</a></li><li class='d-inline mr4 js-post-tag-list-item'><a href="/questions/tagged/zsh" class="post-tag" title="show questions tagged 'zsh'" aria-label="show questions tagged 'zsh'" rel="tag" aria-labelledby="tag-zsh-tooltip-container">zsh</a></li></ul>. </div>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="sidebar" class="show-votes" role="complementary" aria-label="sidebar">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="s-sidebarwidget s-sidebarwidget__yellow s-anchors s-anchors__grayscale mb16" data-tracker="cb=1">
|
|
<ul class="d-block p0 m0">
|
|
<li class="s-sidebarwidget--header s-sidebarwidget__small-bold-text d-flex fc-black-500 d:fc-black-600 bb bbw1">
|
|
The Overflow Blog
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="s-sidebarwidget--item d-flex px16">
|
|
<div class="flex--item1 fl-shrink0">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-top svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg> </div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item wmn0 ow-break-word">
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflow.blog/2024/03/08/a-leading-ml-educator-on-what-you-need-to-know-about-llms/" class="js-gps-track" data-ga="["community bulletin board","The Overflow Blog","https://stackoverflow.blog/2024/03/08/a-leading-ml-educator-on-what-you-need-to-know-about-llms/",null,null]" data-gps-track="communitybulletin.click({ priority: 1, position: 0 })">A leading ML educator on what you need to know about LLMs</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="s-sidebarwidget--item d-flex px16">
|
|
<div class="flex--item1 fl-shrink0">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="va-text-top svg-icon iconPencilSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#F1B600" d="m2 10.12 6.37-6.43 1.88 1.88L3.88 12H2v-1.88Z"/><path fill="#E87C87" d="m11.1 1.71 1.13 1.12c.2.2.2.51 0 .71L11.1 4.7 9.21 2.86l1.17-1.15c.2-.2.51-.2.71 0Z"/></svg> </div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item wmn0 ow-break-word">
|
|
<a href="https://stackoverflow.blog/2024/03/12/how-stack-overflow-is-partnering-with-google-to-encourage-socially-responsible-ai/" class="js-gps-track" title="How Stack Overflow is partnering with Google to encourage socially responsible AI" data-ga="["community bulletin board","The Overflow Blog","https://stackoverflow.blog/2024/03/12/how-stack-overflow-is-partnering-with-google-to-encourage-socially-responsible-ai/",null,null]" data-gps-track="communitybulletin.click({ priority: 1, position: 1 })">How Stack Overflow is partnering with Google to encourage socially...</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="s-sidebarwidget--header s-sidebarwidget__small-bold-text d-flex fc-black-500 d:fc-black-600 bb bbw1">
|
|
Featured on Meta
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="s-sidebarwidget--item d-flex px16">
|
|
<div class="flex--item1 fl-shrink0">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-stackexchangemeta" title="Meta Stack Exchange"></div> </div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item wmn0 ow-break-word">
|
|
<a href="https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/398127/our-partnership-with-google-and-commitment-to-socially-responsible-ai" class="js-gps-track" data-ga="["community bulletin board","Featured on Meta","https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/398127/our-partnership-with-google-and-commitment-to-socially-responsible-ai",null,null]" data-gps-track="communitybulletin.click({ priority: 3, position: 2 })">Our partnership with Google and commitment to socially responsible AI</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="s-sidebarwidget--item d-flex px16">
|
|
<div class="flex--item1 fl-shrink0">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-stackexchangemeta" title="Meta Stack Exchange"></div> </div>
|
|
<div class="flex--item wmn0 ow-break-word">
|
|
<a href="https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/398279/shifting-the-data-dump-schedule-a-proposal" class="js-gps-track" data-ga="["community bulletin board","Featured on Meta","https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/398279/shifting-the-data-dump-schedule-a-proposal",null,null]" data-gps-track="communitybulletin.click({ priority: 3, position: 3 })">Shifting the data dump schedule: A proposal</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="js-zone-container zone-container-sidebar">
|
|
<div id="dfp-tsb" class="everyonelovesstackoverflow everyoneloves__top-sidebar"></div>
|
|
<div class="js-report-ad-button-container " style="width: 300px"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="js-zone-container zone-container-sidebar">
|
|
<div id="dfp-msb" class="everyonelovesstackoverflow everyoneloves__mid-sidebar"></div>
|
|
<div class="js-report-ad-button-container " style="width: 300px"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="hireme"></div> <div class="module sidebar-linked">
|
|
<h4 id="h-linked">Linked</h4>
|
|
<div class="linked" data-tracker="lq=1">
|
|
<div class="spacer js-gps-track" data-gps-track="linkedquestion.click({ source_post_id: 33255, target_question_id: 429169, position: 0 })">
|
|
<a href="/q/429169" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)">
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">13</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/429169/how-to-make-custom-zsh-script-executable-automatically?noredirect=1" class="question-hyperlink">How to make custom zsh script executable automatically?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer js-gps-track" data-gps-track="linkedquestion.click({ source_post_id: 33255, target_question_id: 633242, position: 1 })">
|
|
<a href="/q/633242" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)">
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">5</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/633242/zsh-completion-do-not-offer-directories-when-extracting-archive-with-tar?noredirect=1" class="question-hyperlink">zsh completion: do not offer directories when extracting archive with tar</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer js-gps-track" data-gps-track="linkedquestion.click({ source_post_id: 33255, target_question_id: 627307, position: 2 })">
|
|
<a href="/q/627307" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)">
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">3</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/627307/convert-zsh-script-to-zsh-shell-function?noredirect=1" class="question-hyperlink">convert zsh script to zsh shell function</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer js-gps-track" data-gps-track="linkedquestion.click({ source_post_id: 33255, target_question_id: 740498, position: 3 })">
|
|
<a href="/q/740498" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)">
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">2</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/740498/how-to-retain-color-output-with-custom-zsh-function?noredirect=1" class="question-hyperlink">How to retain color output with custom zsh function?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="module sidebar-related">
|
|
<h4 id="h-related">Related</h4>
|
|
<div class="related js-gps-related-questions" data-tracker="rq=1">
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="97938">
|
|
<a href="/q/97938" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">4</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/97938/oh-my-zsh-overriding-my-function" class="question-hyperlink">Oh-My-Zsh overriding my function?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="366549">
|
|
<a href="/q/366549" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">4</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/366549/how-to-deal-with-filenames-containing-a-single-quote-inside-a-zsh-completion-fun" class="question-hyperlink">How to deal with filenames containing a single quote inside a zsh completion function?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="429169">
|
|
<a href="/q/429169" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">13</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/429169/how-to-make-custom-zsh-script-executable-automatically" class="question-hyperlink">How to make custom zsh script executable automatically?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="447314">
|
|
<a href="/q/447314" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">1</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/447314/define-tab-completion-helper-function-to-use-in-several-completion-files-zsh" class="question-hyperlink">define tab completion helper function to use in several completion files (zsh)</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="468693">
|
|
<a href="/q/468693" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">1</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/468693/zsh-put-all-non-global-parameters-to-anonymous-local-inner-function" class="question-hyperlink">Zsh: Put all non-global parameters to anonymous/local inner function</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="634059">
|
|
<a href="/q/634059" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">2</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/634059/how-to-pass-condition-statement-as-argument-to-functions-in-zsh" class="question-hyperlink">How to pass condition statement as argument to functions in zsh?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="726775">
|
|
<a href="/q/726775" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes default">2</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/726775/zsh-how-to-identify-which-file-zsh-completion-function-comes-from" class="question-hyperlink">zsh: How to identify which file zsh completion function comes from?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="spacer" data-question-id="728809">
|
|
<a href="/q/728809" title="Question score (upvotes - downvotes)" >
|
|
<div class="answer-votes answered-accepted default">1</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="/questions/728809/how-does-the-zsh-which-builtin-work" class="question-hyperlink">How does the zsh which builtin work?</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
$(document).ready(function() {
|
|
$(".js-gps-related-questions .spacer").click(function () {
|
|
fireRelatedEvent($(this).index() + 1, $(this).data('question-id'));
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
function fireRelatedEvent(position, questionId) {
|
|
StackExchange.using("gps", function() {
|
|
StackExchange.gps.track('related_questions.click',
|
|
{
|
|
position: position,
|
|
originQuestionId: 33255,
|
|
relatedQuestionId: +questionId,
|
|
location: 'sidebar',
|
|
source: 'Baseline'
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="hot-network-questions" class="module tex2jax_ignore">
|
|
<h4>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/questions?tab=hot"
|
|
class="js-gps-track s-link s-link__inherit"
|
|
data-gps-track="posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:1, location:11 })">
|
|
Hot Network Questions
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li >
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-electronics" title="Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/705777/microwaves-going-through-a-hole-attenuation" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:135 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Microwaves going through a hole - attenuation?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li >
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-politics" title="Politics Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/86274/whats-the-biggest-hurdle-preventing-the-passing-of-a-law-prohibiting-elected-of" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:475 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
What's the biggest hurdle preventing the passing of a law prohibiting elected officials from trading or owning stocks in the U.S.?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li >
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-stats" title="Cross Validated"></div><a href="https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/642386/calculating-confidence-intervals-in-r" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:65 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Calculating confidence intervals in R
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li >
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-judaism" title="Mi Yodeya"></div><a href="https://judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/141085/ptij-hadran-composition" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:248 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
PTIJ: Hadran Composition
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li >
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-scifi" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/286090/star-trek-episode-possible-time-travel-or-alternative-timeline-with-no-federat" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:186 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Star Trek Episode – Possible Time Travel or Alternative Timeline with No Federation
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-gaming" title="Arqade"></div><a href="https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/407496/what-game-is-this-featured-on-the-msi-claw" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:41 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
What game is this featured on the MSI Claw?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-tex" title="TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/712916/aligning-table-cells-at-a-specific-decimal-without-affecting-headers-and-empty-c" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:85 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Aligning table cells at a specific decimal without affecting headers and empty cells
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-askubuntu" title="Ask Ubuntu"></div><a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/1507249/how-to-delete-users-who-are-logged-in" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:89 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
How to delete users who are logged in
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-politics" title="Politics Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/86297/have-any-western-analysts-explained-how-the-crimes-for-which-the-icc-recently-in" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:475 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Have any Western analysts explained how the crimes for which the ICC recently indicted two Russian commanders, differ from the bombing of Serbia?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-puzzling" title="Puzzling Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/125944/a-puzzle-of-protection" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:559 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
A puzzle of protection
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-philosophy" title="Philosophy Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/110510/should-the-evidence-of-obes-and-ndes-increase-our-epistemic-probability-of-non-p" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:265 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Should the evidence of OBEs and NDEs increase our epistemic probability of non-physicalist views of consciousness?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/256109/how-might-phenotype-tinkering-make-us-resistant-to-deafening-noises" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:579 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
How might phenotype tinkering make us resistant to deafening noises?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-math" title="Mathematics Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4879547/group-extension-analogous-to-the-symmetric-group" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:69 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Group extension analogous to the symmetric group.
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-stats" title="Cross Validated"></div><a href="https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/642396/p-value-equal-to-1" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:65 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
P value equal to 1?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-philosophy" title="Philosophy Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/110459/is-belief-nothing-but-a-feeling-of-certainty-about-what-something-means" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:265 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Is belief nothing but a feeling of certainty about what something means?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-money" title="Personal Finance & Money Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/161803/what-is-this-type-of-equity-called" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:93 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
What is this type of equity called?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-stats" title="Cross Validated"></div><a href="https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/642351/is-linear-regression-still-relevant-in-a-mid-level-ds-interview" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:65 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Is linear regression still relevant in a mid-level DS interview?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-gaming" title="Arqade"></div><a href="https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/407498/whats-the-overall-list-of-pok%c3%a9mon-that-can-be-faster-than-trick-room" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:41 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
What's the overall list of Pokémon that can be faster than Trick Room?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-travel" title="Travel Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/187839/british-airways-advance-passenger-information-no-redress-number-cant-leave-b" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:273 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
British Airways advance passenger information - no redress number, can't leave blank
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-travel" title="Travel Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/187824/is-it-acceptable-for-airplane-passengers-to-help-themselves-to-drinks-in-the-gal" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:273 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Is it acceptable for airplane passengers to help themselves to drinks in the galley?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-tex" title="TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/712868/angular-in-symbol" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:85 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Angular \in symbol?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-civicrm" title="CiviCRM Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://civicrm.stackexchange.com/questions/47636/drupal-9-10-how-to-create-event-location-events-using-civicrm-entity" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:605 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
Drupal 9/10: How to create Event Location + Events using CiviCRM Entity
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-tex" title="TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/712893/invalid-utf-8-sequence-when-using-includegraphics-with-luatex-on-macos-14-4" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:85 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
invalid utf-8 sequence when using includegraphics with LuaTeX on MacOS 14.4
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="dno js-hidden">
|
|
<div class="favicon favicon-softwareengineering" title="Software Engineering Stack Exchange"></div><a href="https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/452382/if-a-function-mutates-outer-state-during-execution-but-reverts-the-outer-state-i" class="js-gps-track question-hyperlink mb0" data-gps-track="site.switch({ item_type:11, target_site:131 }); posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:2, location:11 })">
|
|
If a function mutates outer state during execution but reverts the outer state into original state after execution, does it still contain side effect?
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<a href="#"
|
|
class="show-more js-show-more js-gps-track"
|
|
data-gps-track="posts_hot_network.click({ item_type:3, location:11 })">
|
|
more hot questions
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="feed-link" class="js-feed-link">
|
|
<a href="/feeds/question/33255" title="Feed of this question and its answers">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="fc-orange-400 svg-icon iconRss" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H3Zm0 1.5c6.9 0 12.5 5.6 12.5 12.5H13C13 9.55 8.45 5 3 5V2.5Zm0 5c4.08 0 7.5 3.41 7.5 7.5H8c0-2.72-2.28-5-5-5V7.5Zm0 5c1.36 0 2.5 1.14 2.5 2.5H3v-2.5Z"/></svg>
|
|
Question feed
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<aside class="s-modal js-feed-link-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="feed-modal-title" aria-describedby="feed-modal-description" aria-hidden="true">
|
|
<div class="s-modal--dialog js-modal-dialog wmx4" role="document" data-controller="se-draggable">
|
|
<h1 class="s-modal--header fw-bold js-first-tabbable" id="feed-modal-title" data-se-draggable-target="handle" tabindex="0">
|
|
Subscribe to RSS
|
|
</h1>
|
|
<div class="d-flex gs4 gsy fd-column">
|
|
<div class="flex--item">
|
|
<label class="d-block s-label c-default" for="feed-url">
|
|
Question feed
|
|
<p class="s-description mt2" id="feed-modal-description">To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader.</p>
|
|
</label>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="d-flex ps-relative">
|
|
<input class="s-input" type="text" name="feed-url" id="feed-url" readonly="readonly" value="https://unix.stackexchange.com/feeds/question/33255" />
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="s-input-icon fc-orange-400 svg-icon iconRss" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M3 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H3Zm0 1.5c6.9 0 12.5 5.6 12.5 12.5H13C13 9.55 8.45 5 3 5V2.5Zm0 5c4.08 0 7.5 3.41 7.5 7.5H8c0-2.72-2.28-5-5-5V7.5Zm0 5c1.36 0 2.5 1.14 2.5 2.5H3v-2.5Z"/></svg>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a class="s-modal--close s-btn s-btn__muted js-modal-close js-last-tabbable" href="#" aria-label="Close">
|
|
<svg aria-hidden="true" class="svg-icon iconClearSm" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M12 3.41 10.59 2 7 5.59 3.41 2 2 3.41 5.59 7 2 10.59 3.41 12 7 8.41 10.59 12 12 10.59 8.41 7 12 3.41Z"/></svg>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</aside>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<script>StackExchange.ready(function(){$.get('/posts/33255/ivc/afa5?prg=e41f0527-ef42-49ce-91cd-4db9669d30bb');});</script>
|
|
<noscript><div><img src="/posts/33255/ivc/afa5?prg=e41f0527-ef42-49ce-91cd-4db9669d30bb" class="dno" alt="" width="0" height="0"></div></noscript><div style="display:none" id="js-codeblock-lang">lang-bash</div></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
var cam = cam || { opt: {} };
|
|
var clcGamLoaderOptions = cam || { opt: {} };
|
|
var opt = clcGamLoaderOptions.opt;
|
|
|
|
opt.omni = 'BwoLCJDCnvTJuuE8EAUY54MCIAsoAjoSfHNoZWxsLXNjcmlwdHx6c2h8SAAqc_iE1yMX9_Pm';
|
|
opt.refresh = !1;
|
|
opt.refreshInterval = 0;
|
|
opt.sf = !1;
|
|
opt.hb = !1;
|
|
opt.ll = !0;
|
|
opt.tlb_position = 0;
|
|
opt.personalization_consent = !1;
|
|
opt.targeting_consent = !1;
|
|
opt.performance_consent = !1;
|
|
|
|
opt.targeting = {Registered:['false'],'ron-tag':['shell-script','zsh'],Community:['true'],NumberOfAnswers:['5']};
|
|
opt.adReportEnabled = !0;
|
|
opt.adReportUrl = '/ads/report-ad';
|
|
opt.adReportText = 'Report this ad';
|
|
opt.adReportFileTypeErrorMessage = 'Please select a PNG or JPG file.';
|
|
opt.adReportFileSizeErrorMessage = 'The file must be under 2 MiB.';
|
|
opt.adReportErrorText = 'Error uploading ad report.';
|
|
opt.adReportThanksText = 'Thanks for your feedback. We’ll review this against our code of conduct and take action if necessary.';
|
|
opt.adReportLoginExpiredMessage = 'Your login session has expired, please login and try again.';
|
|
opt.adReportLoginErrorMessage = 'An error occurred when loading the report form - please try again';
|
|
opt.adReportModalClass = 'js-ad-report';
|
|
opt.perRequestGuid = 'e41f0527-ef42-49ce-91cd-4db9669d30bb';
|
|
opt.responseHash = 'rpaZw5QgrLqu77uJVxlWPDCGrknK1ZN5bqzVkqhZU+g=';
|
|
|
|
|
|
opt.targeting.TargetingConsent = ['False_Passive'];
|
|
opt.allowAccountTargetingForThisRequest = !1;
|
|
|
|
const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
|
|
if (urlParams.has('dfptestads')) {
|
|
const dfptestads = urlParams.get('dfptestads');
|
|
opt.targeting.DfpTestAds = dfptestads;
|
|
}
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script>;(()=>{"use strict";var __webpack_modules__={23:(e,t,s)=>{s.d(t,{Z7:()=>l,eq:()=>d,kG:()=>i});const n=(r=location.pathname,/^\/tags\//.test(r)||/^\/questions\/tagged\//.test(r)?"tag-pages":/^\/discussions\//.test(r)||/^\/beta\/discussions/.test(r)?"discussions":/^\/$/.test(r)||/^\/home/.test(r)?"home-page":"question-pages");var r;let a=location.hostname;const o={slots:{lb:[[728,90]],mlb:[[728,90]],smlb:[[728,90]],bmlb:[[728,90]],sb:e=>"dfp-tsb"===e?[[300,250],[300,600]]:[[300,250]],"tag-sponsorship":[[730,135]],"mobile-below-question":[[320,50],[300,250]],msb:[[300,250],[300,600]],"talent-conversion-tracking":[[1,1]],"site-sponsorship":[[230,60]]},ids:{"dfp-tlb":"lb","dfp-mlb":"mlb","dfp-smlb":"smlb","dfp-bmlb":"bmlb","dfp-tsb":"sb","dfp-isb":"sb","dfp-tag":"tag-sponsorship","dfp-msb":"msb","dfp-sspon":"site-sponsorship","dfp-m-aq":"mobile-below-question"},idsToExcludeFromAdReports:["dfp-sspon"]};function i(){return Object.keys(o.ids)}function d(e){return o.idsToExcludeFromAdReports.indexOf(e)<0}function l(e){var t=e.split("_")[0];const s=o.ids[t];let r=o.slots[s];return"function"==typeof r&&(r=r(t)),{path:`/248424177/${a}/${s}/${n}`,sizes:r,zone:s}}},865:(e,t,s)=>{function n(e){return"string"==typeof e?document.getElementById(e):e}function r(e){return!!(e=n(e))&&"none"===getComputedStyle(e).display}function a(e){return!r(e)}function o(e){return!!e}function i(e){return/^\s*$/.test(n(e).innerHTML)}function d(e){const{style:t}=e;t.height=t.maxHeight=t.minHeight="auto",t.display="none"}function l(e){const{style:t}=e;t.height=t.maxHeight=t.minHeight="auto",t.display="none",[].forEach.call(e.children,l)}function c(e){const{style:t}=e;t.height=t.maxHeight=t.minHeight="auto",t.removeProperty("display")}function g(e){const t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}function p(e){return s=e,(t=[]).push=function(e){return s(),delete this.push,this.push(e)},t;var t,s}function h(e){let t="function"==typeof HTMLTemplateElement;var s=document.createElement(t?"template":"div");return e=e.trim(),s.innerHTML=e,t?s.content.firstChild:s.firstChild}s.d(t,{$Z:()=>c,Bv:()=>h,Gx:()=>g,Nj:()=>n,QZ:()=>p,cf:()=>d,pn:()=>a,wo:()=>l,xb:()=>i,xj:()=>r,yb:()=>o})},763:(__unused_webpack_module,__webpack_exports__,__webpack_require__)=>{__webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__,{t:()=>AdReports});var _common_helper__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__=__webpack_require__(865),_console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__=__webpack_require__(276),_ad_units__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__=__webpack_require__(23);class AdReports{constructor(e,t){if(this.googletag=e,this.cam=t,this.allowedFileTypes=["image/png","image/jpg","image/jpeg"],this.ignoreValidation=!1,_console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Ad reporting init"),this.cam=t,this.callOnButtonClick=e=>this.onButtonClick(e),this.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",e=>this.handleSlotRendered(e)),Array.isArray(t.slotsRenderedEvents)){_console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Adding report button to "+t.slotsRenderedEvents.length+" events that have transpired");for(var s=0;s<t.slotsRenderedEvents.length;s++)this.handleSlotRendered(t.slotsRenderedEvents[s])}}handleSlotRendered(e){if(e&&e.slot&&!e.isEmpty&&(e.creativeId||e.lineItemId||!e.isEmpty)){var t=e.slot.getSlotElementId();if(t){var s=document.getElementById(t);if(s)if((0,_ad_units__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__.eq)(t)){var n=s?.closest(".js-zone-container")?.querySelector(".js-report-ad-button-container");n.innerHTML="",n.append(this.createButton(e)),n.style.height="24px",_console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Added report button to the bottom of "+t)}else _console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Not adding report button to the bottom of "+t+": shouldHaveReportButton = false");else _console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Not adding report button to the bottom of "+t+": resolved invalid adUnit element")}else _console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Not adding report button to the bottom of element: invalid adUnitElementId")}else _console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("Not adding report button to the bottom of element: invalid SlotRenderEndedEvent")}async onButtonClick(e){e.preventDefault();let t=e.target;const s=t.dataset.modalUrl,n=t.dataset.googleEventData;return await this.loadModal(s,t,n),!1}createButton(e){let t=document.createElement("button");var s=JSON.stringify(e);return t.dataset.googleEventData=s,t.dataset.modalUrl=this.cam.opt.adReportUrl,t.dataset.adUnit=e.slot.getSlotElementId(),t.classList.add("js-report-ad","s-btn","s-btn__link","fs-fine","mt2","float-right"),t.append(document.createTextNode(this.cam.opt.adReportText)),t.removeEventListener("click",this.callOnButtonClick),t.addEventListener("click",this.callOnButtonClick),t}async loadModal(url,$link,googleEventData){try{await window.StackExchange.helpers.loadModal(url,{returnElements:window.$($link)}),this.initForm(googleEventData)}catch(e){var message="",response=e.responseText?eval(`(${e.responseText})`):null;message=response&&response.isLoggedOut?this.cam.opt.adReportLoginExpiredMessage:this.cam.opt.adReportLoginErrorMessage,window.StackExchange.helpers.showToast(message,{type:"danger"})}}removeModal(){window.StackExchange.helpers.closePopups(document.querySelectorAll("."+this.cam.opt.adReportModalClass),"dismiss")}initForm(e,t=!1){this.ignoreValidation=t,this.$form=document.querySelector(".js-ad-report-form"),this.$googleEventData=this.$form.querySelector(".js-json-data"),this.$adReportReasons=this.$form.querySelectorAll(".js-ad-report-reason"),this.$adReportReasonOther=this.$form.querySelector(".js-ad-report-reason-other"),this.$fileUploaderInput=this.$form.querySelector(".js-file-uploader-input"),this.$imageUploader=this.$form.querySelector(".js-image-uploader"),this.$clearImageUpload=this.$form.querySelector(".js-clear-image-upload"),this.$imageUploaderText=this.$form.querySelector(".js-image-uploader-text"),this.$imageUploaderPreview=this.$form.querySelector(".js-image-uploader-preview"),this.$fileErrorMessage=this.$form.querySelector(".js-file-error");const s=this.$form.querySelector(".js-drag-drop-enabled"),n=this.$form.querySelector(".js-drag-drop-disabled");this.$googleEventData.value=e,this.$adReportReasons.forEach((e,t)=>e.addEventListener("change",e=>{this.$adReportReasonOther.classList.toggle("d-none","3"!==e.target.value)})),this.$fileUploaderInput.addEventListener("change",()=>{this.validateFileInput()&&this.updateImagePreview(this.$fileUploaderInput.files)}),this.$clearImageUpload.addEventListener("click",e=>{e.preventDefault(),this.clearImageUpload()});try{this.$fileUploaderInput[0].value="",this.$imageUploader.addEventListener("dragenter dragover dragleave drop",this.preventDefaults),this.$imageUploader.addEventListener("dragenter dragover",this.handleDragStart),this.$imageUploader.addEventListener("dragleave drop",this.handleDragEnd),this.$imageUploader.addEventListener("drop",this.handleDrop)}catch(e){s.classList.add("d-none"),n.classList.remove("d-none")}this.$form.removeEventListener("",this.handleDragEnd),this.$form.addEventListener("submit",async e=>(e.preventDefault(),this.submitForm(),!1))}clearImageUpload(){this.$fileUploaderInput.value="",this.$imageUploaderPreview.setAttribute("src",""),this.$imageUploaderPreview.classList.add("d-none"),this.$clearImageUpload.classList.add("d-none"),this.$imageUploaderText.classList.remove("d-none"),this.$imageUploader.classList.add("p16","ba","bas-dashed","bc-black-100")}preventDefaults(e){e.preventDefault(),e.stopPropagation()}handleDragStart(e){this.$imageUploader.classList.remove("bas-dashed"),this.$imageUploader.classList.add("bas-solid","bc-black-100")}handleDragEnd(e){this.$imageUploader.classList.remove("bas-solid","bc-black-100"),this.$imageUploader.classList.add("bas-dashed")}handleDrop(e){var t=e.originalEvent.dataTransfer.files;FileReader&&t&&1===t.length&&(this.$fileUploaderInput.files=t,this.validateFileInput()&&this.updateImagePreview(t))}setError(e){this.$fileErrorMessage.parentElement.classList.toggle("has-error",e)}updateImagePreview(e){this.$imageUploader.classList.remove("p16","ba","bas-dashed","bc-black-100"),this.$clearImageUpload.classList.remove("d-none"),this.$imageUploaderText.classList.add("d-none");var t=new FileReader;t.onload=e=>{null!=e.target&&(this.$imageUploaderPreview.setAttribute("src",e.target.result),this.$imageUploaderPreview.classList.remove("d-none"))},t.readAsDataURL(e[0])}validateFileInput(){if(this.ignoreValidation)return!0;const e=this.cam.opt.adReportFileTypeErrorMessage,t=this.cam.opt.adReportFileSizeErrorMessage;if(null==this.$fileUploaderInput.files)return!1;var s=this.$fileUploaderInput.files[0];return null==s?(this.setError(!0),!1):this.allowedFileTypes.indexOf(s.type)<0?(this.$fileErrorMessage.textContent=e,this.$fileErrorMessage.classList.remove("d-none"),this.setError(!0),!1):s.size>2097152?(this.$fileErrorMessage.textContent=t,this.$fileErrorMessage.classList.remove("d-none"),this.setError(!0),!1):(this.$fileErrorMessage.classList.add("d-none"),this.setError(!1),!0)}async gatherDiagnosticInfo(){return{BrowserVersion:await this.getBrowserVersion()}}getElementSource(e){return e.outerHTML}getNestedIFrameElement(e){var t=e.querySelector("iframe");return t.contentDocument?t.contentDocument.documentElement:t.contentWindow.document.documentElement}async getBrowserVersion(){return await navigator.userAgentData.getHighEntropyValues(["fullVersionList"]).then(e=>JSON.stringify(e.fullVersionList))}async submitForm(){if(!this.validateFileInput())return!1;this.$form.querySelector("[type=submit]").setAttribute("disabled","true");var e=JSON.parse(this.$googleEventData.value||"{}");e.Reason=parseInt(this.$form.querySelector(".js-ad-report-reason:checked").value,10),e.Description=this.$adReportReasonOther.value,this.$googleEventData.value=JSON.stringify(e);var t=new FormData(this.$form);if("1"===t.get("shareDiagnosticInfo")){var s=await this.gatherDiagnosticInfo();Object.keys(s).forEach(e=>t.append(e,s[e]))}try{const e=await window.fetch(this.$form.getAttribute("action"),{method:this.$form.getAttribute("method"),body:t,cache:"no-cache"}),s=e.headers.get("content-type")||"",r=await e.text();if(!e.ok)throw new Error("response not valid");if(0===s.indexOf("text/html")){var n=(0,_common_helper__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__.Bv)(r);const e=n?n.querySelector(".js-modal-content"):null;if(_console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM("$popupContent"),_console__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__.cM(e),!e)throw new Error(`Could not find .js-modal-content in response from ${this.$form.getAttribute("action")}`);document.querySelector(".js-modal-content").replaceWith(e)}else window.StackExchange.helpers.showToast(this.cam.opt.adReportThanksText,{type:"success"}),this.removeModal()}catch(e){window.StackExchange.helpers.showToast(this.cam.opt.adReportErrorText,{type:"danger"})}finally{let e=this.$form.querySelector("[type=submit]");e&&e.removeAttribute("disabled")}}}},276:(e,t,s)=>{function n(...e){}function r(...e){}s.d(t,{cM:()=>n,vU:()=>r})}},__webpack_module_cache__={};function __webpack_require__(e){var t=__webpack_module_cache__[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var s=__webpack_module_cache__[e]={exports:{}};return __webpack_modules__[e](s,s.exports,__webpack_require__),s.exports}__webpack_require__.d=(e,t)=>{for(var s in t)__webpack_require__.o(t,s)&&!__webpack_require__.o(e,s)&&Object.defineProperty(e,s,{enumerable:!0,get:t[s]})},__webpack_require__.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t);var __webpack_exports__={};(()=>{var e=__webpack_require__(276),t=(e=>(e[e.Above=0]="Above",e[e.Below=1]="Below",e))(t||{});const s=Object.assign({},{"lib":"https://cdn.sstatic.net/clc/js/bundles/gam_loader_script/gam_loader_script.bundle.741.e6ce4ee02b887d174e72.min.js","style":null,"u":null,"wa":true,"kt":2000,"tto":true,"h":"clc.stackoverflow.com","allowed":"^(((talent\\.)?stackoverflow)|(blog\\.codinghorror)|(.*\\.googlesyndication)|(serverfault|askubuntu|superuser)|([^\\.]+\\.stackexchange))\\.com$","wv":true,"al":false,"abd":true,"cpa_liid":[5882654614],"cpa_cid":[138377597667],"dp":false,"tgt_to":1000,"tgt_u":"https://clc.stackoverflow.com/get-user-acct-tgt","tgt_e":true,"tgt_p":100});var n=__webpack_require__(23),r=__webpack_require__(865),a=__webpack_require__(763);class o{constructor(t,s){this.googletag=t,this.interval=s,e.cM("Ad refresh init. interval: "+s),this.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("impressionViewable",e=>this.onImpressionViewable(e)),e.cM("done enabling ad refresh")}onImpressionViewable(t){var s=t.slot;e.cM("ad refresh - slot "+s.getSlotElementId()+" is viewable, initializing refresh"),this.scheduleRefresh(s)}scheduleRefresh(e){setTimeout(()=>this.refreshAdSlot(e),1e3*this.interval)}static refreshMyAd(t,s){let n=t.pubads().getSlots().find(e=>e.getSlotElementId()===s);n&&(e.cM("refreshMyAd - refreshing ad slot "+s),t.pubads().refresh([n]))}refreshAdSlot(t){var s=t.getSlotElementId();this.isElementVisibleInBrowser(s)?(e.cM("refreshing ad slot "+s),googletag.pubads().refresh([t])):(e.cM("refresh skipped this time; ad slot not viewable:"+s),this.scheduleRefresh(t))}isElementVisibleInBrowser(e){var t=document.getElementById(e);if(null!==t){var s=t.getBoundingClientRect();if(s.top>=0&&s.left>=0&&s.bottom<=(window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight)&&s.right<=(window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth))return!0}return!1}}var i=(e=>(e.Off="Off",e.PreSurvey="PreSurvey",e.Collect="Collect",e.PostSurvey="PostSurvey",e))(i||{});class d{constructor(e,t){this.lineItemImpressions=[],this.surveysIdsCompleted=[],this.lineItemImpressions=e,this.surveysIdsCompleted=t}addImpression(e,t){let s={brandId:e,lineItemId:t,timestamp:new Date};this.lineItemImpressions.push(s)}addBrandSurveyCompleted(e){-1===this.surveysIdsCompleted.indexOf(e)&&this.surveysIdsCompleted.push(e)}getTotalBrandImpressions(){let e=new Map;for(let t of this.lineItemImpressions)if(e.has(t.brandId)){let s=e.get(t.brandId);e.set(t.brandId,s+1)}else e.set(t.brandId,1);return e}getBrandLineItemImpressions(e){let t={};for(let s of this.lineItemImpressions)if(s.brandId==e)if(void 0!==t[s.lineItemId]){let e=t[s.lineItemId];t[s.lineItemId]=e+1}else t[s.lineItemId]=1;return t}}class l{constructor(){this.surveyEngagementLocalStorageKey="clc-survey-engagement"}getBrandSurveyEngagement(){let e=localStorage.getItem(this.surveyEngagementLocalStorageKey);if(null===e)return new d([],[]);let t=JSON.parse(e);return new d(t.lineItemImpressions,t.surveysIdsCompleted)}saveBrandSurveyEngagement(e){let t=JSON.stringify(e);localStorage.setItem(this.surveyEngagementLocalStorageKey,t)}}class c{constructor(){this.surveyRepository=new l}getBrandSurveyEngagement(){return this.surveyRepository.getBrandSurveyEngagement()}recordImpression(e,t){let s=this.getBrandSurveyEngagement();s.addImpression(e,t),this.surveyRepository.saveBrandSurveyEngagement(s)}recordBrandSurveyCompleted(e){let t=this.getBrandSurveyEngagement();t.addBrandSurveyCompleted(e),this.surveyRepository.saveBrandSurveyEngagement(t)}}class g{constructor(t,s){this.googletag=t,this.brandSettings=s,this.brandSlotMap=new Map,this.brandSurveyEngagementService=new c,e.cM("Brand Survey init: "+JSON.stringify(s)),void 0!==s?(this.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",e=>this.handleSlotRendered(e)),this.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("impressionViewable",e=>this.onImpressionViewable(e)),e.cM("done enabling Brand Survey")):e.cM("Brand Survey init: brandSettings is undefined, not initializing")}handleSlotRendered(t){e.cM("Brand Survey - slot rendered - slot:"+JSON.stringify(t.slot.getSlotElementId())+" lineItem: "+t.lineItemId);let s=this.findItemWithId(t.lineItemId);if(null===s||s.mode!==i.Collect)this.brandSlotMap.delete(t.slot.getSlotElementId());else{let e={brandId:s.brandId,lineItemId:t.lineItemId};this.brandSlotMap.set(t.slot.getSlotElementId(),e)}}onImpressionViewable(t){let s=t.slot;if(e.cM("ad - Brand Survey - impression viewable. Details: "+JSON.stringify(s.getSlotElementId())),e.cM("ad - Brand Survey - slot "+s.getSlotElementId()+" is viewable"),this.brandSlotMap.has(s.getSlotElementId())){let t=this.brandSlotMap.get(s.getSlotElementId());e.cM("Brand Survey - brand "+t.brandId+" is viewable"),this.recordImpression(this.brandSlotMap.get(s.getSlotElementId()))}}recordImpression(t){e.cM("ad - Brand Survey - recording impression for brand "+t.brandId),this.brandSurveyEngagementService.recordImpression(t.brandId,t.lineItemId)}findItemWithId(t){return e.cM("brand settings: "+JSON.stringify(this.brandSettings)),this.brandSettings.find(e=>e.lineItemIds.includes(t))||null}}const p="response-brand-survey-submit|",h="request-brand-survey-metadata|",m="record-metric-on-server|",u="request-dsp-tags",f="response-dsp-tags|";class _{static refreshAdIfBrandSurveyIsDuplicated(e,t,s){this.alreadyCompletedThisBrandSurvey(t)&&o.refreshMyAd(e,s)}static alreadyCompletedThisBrandSurvey(e){return(new c).getBrandSurveyEngagement().surveysIdsCompleted.includes(e)}}window.cam=new class{constructor(t=null){if(this.gptImported=!1,this.slotsRenderedEvents=[],this.collapsed={},e.cM("constructor"),this.clc_options=s,window.clcGamLoaderOptions)Object.assign(this,window.clcGamLoaderOptions);else if(void 0===this.opt){let e=window.opt;e&&(this.opt=e)}}init(){if(e.cM("init"),void 0===this.opt)throw new Error("opt not set, required by GAM Loader");e.cM("init brand survey service"),this.getUserMetaPromise=this.getUserMeta(),e.cM("setup message handler"),window.addEventListener("message",e=>{this.onmessage(e)})}handleSlotRenderedNoAdReport(){if(googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",e=>this.applyExtraMarginBottom(e)),Array.isArray(this.slotsRenderedEvents))for(var e=0;e<this.slotsRenderedEvents.length;e++)this.applyExtraMarginBottom(this.slotsRenderedEvents[e])}onmessage(t){let s="omni";if(t.data&&("string"==typeof t.data||t.data instanceof String))if(0===t.data.indexOf("get-omni-")){e.cM("Recevied get-omni message, sending back omni");var n=t.source,a=this.opt.omni,o="string"==typeof a?a:"";n.postMessage([s,o,this.opt.perRequestGuid].join("|"),"*")}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("collapse-")){e.cM("Recevied collapse message, collapse ad iframe"),e.cM(t);for(var i=t.source.window,d=document.getElementsByTagName("IFRAME"),l=0;l<d.length;l++){var g=d[l];if(g.contentWindow==i)return void(0,r.wo)(g.parentElement.parentElement.parentElement)}}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("resize|")){e.cM("Recevied resize message, resize ad iframe"),e.cM(t);let s=this._getFrameByEvent(t),n=t.data.indexOf("|")+1,r=t.data.slice(n),a=parseFloat(r)+.5;e.cM("New iframe height "+a),s.height=a.toString(),s.parentElement.style.height=a.toString()+"px"}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("getmarkup|")){let s=t.data.indexOf("|")+1,n=t.data.slice(s);e.cM("Recevied get markup message: "+n);let r=this._getFrameByEvent(t).closest(".everyonelovesstackoverflow");const a=document.createElement("script");a.dataset.adZoneId=r.id,a.src=n,document.body.appendChild(a)}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("window-location|")){let s=t.data.indexOf("|")+1,n=t.data.slice(s);e.cM("Recevied window location message: "+n),n.startsWith("/")||(n="/"+n),window.open(window.location.protocol+"//"+window.location.host+n,"_blank")}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("request-brand-survey-submit|")){let s=t.data.split("|"),n=s[1],r=s[2],a=s[3],o=JSON.parse(a);e.cM(n),e.cM(r),e.cM(a),e.cM("Received brand survey "+n+" response message: "+r);var v=new FormData;for(var b in o)v.append(b,o[b]);let i=this._getFrameByEvent(t);if(_.alreadyCompletedThisBrandSurvey(+n))return e.cM("Already completed this brand survey. Not submitting duplicate to server."),void i.contentWindow.postMessage("response-brand-survey-submit-duplicate|","*");e.cM("Send the brand survey to the server"),fetch(r,{method:"POST",body:v}).then(e=>e.json()).then(e=>i.contentWindow.postMessage(p,"*")).catch(e=>i.contentWindow.postMessage(p,"*"))}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("brand-survey-completed-store|")){let s=t.data.split("|"),n=(s[1],s[2]);if(e.cM("Received brand survey completed store message for survey ID "+n),_.alreadyCompletedThisBrandSurvey(+n))return void e.cM("Already completed this brand survey. Not recording duplicate locally.");e.cM("Record brand survey completion locally"),(new c).recordBrandSurveyCompleted(+n)}else if(0===t.data.indexOf(h)){let s=t.data.split("|"),n=s[1],r=s[2];e.cM("Received message: request-brand-survey-metadata| with Brand Survey ID "+r);let a=(new c).getBrandSurveyEngagement().getBrandLineItemImpressions(+n),o=JSON.stringify(a),i=this._getFrameByEvent(t);e.cM("sending impression data: "+o),i.contentWindow.postMessage("response-brand-survey-metadata|"+this.opt.responseHash+"|"+this.opt.perRequestGuid+"|"+o,"*")}else if(0===t.data.indexOf("refresh-if-duplicate-brand-survey|")){let e=t.data.split("|")[1],s=this.getSlotElementIdByEvent(t);_.refreshAdIfBrandSurveyIsDuplicated(googletag,+e,s)}else if(0===t.data.indexOf(m)){e.cM("Received message: record-metric-on-server| with args: "+t.data);let s=t.data.split("|"),n=s[1],r=s[2],a=s[3],o=s[4],i=new FormData;i.append("brandSurveyId",a.toString()),i.append("responseHash",this.opt.responseHash),i.append("perRequestGuid",this.opt.perRequestGuid),i.append("questionNumber",n.toString()),i.append("metricType",o.toString()),fetch(r,{method:"POST",body:i}).then(e=>e.ok).catch(t=>{e.cM("SendMetricToServer: Error sending metric to server: "+t)})}else if(0===t.data.indexOf(u)){e.cM("Received message: request-dsp-tags with args: "+t.data);let s=this._getFrameByEvent(t);if(!this.opt.targeting["so-tag"])return void s.contentWindow.postMessage(f,"*");const n=this.opt.targeting["so-tag"].join(",");e.cM("sending targeting tags: "+n),s.contentWindow.postMessage(f+n,"*")}else e.cM("Received unhandled message")}getSlotElementIdByEvent(e){let t=this._getFrameByEvent(e).parentElement?.parentElement?.id;return t||""}_getFrameByEvent(e){return Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName("iframe")).filter(t=>t.contentWindow===e.source)[0]}classifyZoneIds(e){const t=e.map(r.Nj).filter(r.yb);return{eligible:t.filter(r.xb).filter(r.pn),ineligible:t.filter(r.xj)}}applyExtraMarginBottom(t){if(t&&t.slot&&!t.isEmpty&&(t.creativeId||t.lineItemId||!t.isEmpty)){var s=t.slot.getSlotElementId();if(s){var r=document.getElementById(s);if(r)if((0,n.eq)(s)){var a=r?.closest(".js-zone-container");a.style.marginBottom="24px",e.cM("Applied extra margin to the bottom of "+s)}else e.cM("Not applying extra margin to the bottom of "+s+": shouldHaveReportButton = false");else e.cM("Not applying extra margin to the bottom of "+s+": resolved invalid adUnit element")}else e.cM("Not applying extra margin to the bottom of element: invalid adUnitElementId")}else e.cM("Not applying extra margin to the bottom of element: invalid SlotRenderEndedEvent")}async load(s=(0,n.kG)()){const i=this.opt.tlb_position===t.Above?["dfp-mlb","dfp-smlb"]:["dfp-mlb","dfp-smlb","dfp-tlb"];if(!this.isGptReady())return e.cM("Initializing..."),this.initGpt(),void googletag.cmd.push(()=>this.load(s));this.opt.adReportEnabled?(e.cM("Ad reporting enabled"),this.adReports=new a.t(googletag,this)):(e.cM("Ad reporting not enabled"),this.handleSlotRenderedNoAdReport()),this.opt.refresh?(e.cM("Ad refresh enabled"),this.adRefresh=new o(googletag,this.opt.refreshInterval)):e.cM("Ad refresh not enabled"),this.opt.brandSurveyEnabled&&(e.cM("Brand Survey enabled"),this.brandSurvey=new g(googletag,this.opt.brandSurveySettings)),e.cM("Attempting to load ads into ids: ",s);const{eligible:d,ineligible:l}=this.classifyZoneIds(s);if(this.initDebugPanel(googletag,d.concat(l)),d.forEach(e=>(0,r.cf)(e)),l.forEach(r.wo),0===d.length)return void e.cM("Found no ad ids on page");e.cM("Eligible ids:",d),this.opt.abd&&this.appendAdblockDetector();var c=googletag.pubads().getSlots();if(c){var p=c.filter(e=>s.indexOf(e.getSlotElementId())>=0);googletag.destroySlots(p)}this.opt.sf&&(googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(!0),googletag.pubads().setSafeFrameConfig({allowOverlayExpansion:!0,allowPushExpansion:!0,sandbox:!0})),e.cM("Targeting consent: Checking...");let h=!1,m=!1;void 0!==this.opt.targeting_consent&&(m=!0,e.cM("Targeting consent: Parameter set"),e.cM("Targeting consent: Consent given? ",this.opt.targeting_consent),h=this.opt.targeting_consent),void 0!==this.opt.personalization_consent&&(e.cM("Personalization consent: Parameter set"),e.cM("Personalization consent: Consent given? ",this.opt.personalization_consent),h=h&&this.opt.personalization_consent),h=h&&m,this.setPrivacySettings(h),this.opt.ll||googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(),cam.sreEvent||(googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",e=>this.onSlotRendered(e)),cam.sreEvent=!0),await this.setTargeting();var u=d.filter(e=>!this.opt.ll||i.indexOf(e.id)<0),f=d.filter(e=>!!this.opt.ll&&i.indexOf(e.id)>=0);e.cM("Up front ids:",u),e.cM("Lazy loaded ids:",f),u.forEach(t=>{e.cM(`Defining ad for element ${t.id}`),this.defineSlot(t.id,googletag),t.setAttribute("data-dfp-zone","true")}),googletag.enableServices(),u.forEach(t=>{e.cM(`Displaying ad for element ${t.id}`),googletag.cmd.push(()=>googletag.display(t.id))}),this.opt.ll&&(e.cM("Enabling lazy loading for GAM"),googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({fetchMarginPercent:0,renderMarginPercent:0}),e.cM("Setting up lazy loaded ad units"),f.forEach(t=>{e.cM(`Lazy loading - Defining Slot ${t.id}`),this.defineSlot(t.id,googletag)}),f.forEach(t=>{e.cM(`Lazy loading - Displaying ad for element ${t.id}`),googletag.cmd.push(()=>googletag.display(t.id))}))}setPrivacySettings(e){e||googletag.pubads().setPrivacySettings({nonPersonalizedAds:!0})}async setTargeting(){if(!googletag)throw new Error("googletag not defined");let t=this.opt.targeting;if(!t)throw new Error("Targeting not defined (is "+typeof t+")");Object.keys(t).forEach(s=>{e.cM(`-> targeting - ${s}: ${t[s]}`),googletag.pubads().setTargeting(s,t[s])});let s=!1;if(void 0!==this.opt.targeting_consent&&(s=this.opt.targeting_consent),s){let t=(new c).getBrandSurveyEngagement();if(t.getTotalBrandImpressions().forEach((t,s)=>{e.cM(`-> targeting - BrandImpressions: ${s}: ${t}`),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("brand_"+s.toString()+"_impressions",t.toString())}),t.surveysIdsCompleted.forEach(t=>{e.cM(`-> targeting - SurveysTaken: ${t}`),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("survey_"+t+"_taken","true")}),this.clc_options.tgt_e&&this.getUserMetaPromise){let t=await this.getUserMetaPromise;t&&t.tgt_acct?(e.cM("-> targeting - User Account: "+t.tgt_acct),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user-acct",t.tgt_acct.company_name),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user_acct_top",t.tgt_acct.company_name),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user_industry",t.tgt_acct.industry),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user_employee_count",t.tgt_acct.employee_range)):e.cM("-> targeting - User Account: Not Found"),t&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,"is_high_rep_earner")?(e.cM("-> targeting - High Rep Earner: "+t.is_high_rep_earner),googletag.pubads().setTargeting("IsHighRepEarner",t.is_high_rep_earner?"true":"false")):e.cM("-> targeting - High Rep Earner: not found")}}}appendAdblockDetector(){const e=document.createElement("div");e.className="adsbox",e.id="clc-abd",e.style.position="absolute",e.style.pointerEvents="none",e.innerHTML=" ",document.body.appendChild(e)}onSlotRendered(s){try{const o=s.slot.getSlotElementId();let i=[];o||i.push("id=0");const d=document.getElementById(o);if(o&&!d&&i.push("el=0"),0!==i.length)return void this.stalled(i.join("&"));const{path:l,sizes:c,zone:g}=(0,n.Z7)(o);if(this.collapsed[g]&&s.isEmpty)return e.cM(`No line item for the element #${d.id}... collapsing.`),void(0,r.wo)(d);if(this.slotsRenderedEvents.push(s),s.lineItemId||s.creativeId||!s.isEmpty){e.cM(`Rendered ad for element #${d.id} [line item #${s.lineItemId}]`),e.cM(s);var a=d.parentElement;if(a.classList.contains("js-zone-container")){switch((0,r.cf)(a),o){case"dfp-tlb":this.opt.tlb_position===t.Above?a.classList.add("mb8"):a.classList.add("mt16");break;case"dfp-tag":a.classList.add("mb8");break;case"dfp-msb":a.classList.add("mt16");break;case"dfp-mlb":case"dfp-smlb":case"dfp-bmlb":a.classList.add("my8");break;case"dfp-isb":a.classList.add("mt24");break;case"dfp-m-aq":a.classList.add("my12"),a.classList.add("mx-auto")}(0,r.$Z)(a),(0,r.$Z)(d)}else e.cM(`No ad for element #${d.id}, collapsing`),e.cM(s),(0,r.wo)(d)}}catch(t){e.cM("Exception thrown onSlotRendered"),e.cM(t),this.stalled("e=1")}}stalled(e){(new Image).src=`https://${this.clc_options.h}/stalled.gif?${e}`}defineSlot(t,s){"dfp-isb"===t&&(e.cM("-> targeting - Sidebar: Inline"),s.pubads().setTargeting("Sidebar",["Inline"])),"dfp-tsb"===t&&(e.cM("-> targeting - Sidebar: Right"),s.pubads().setTargeting("Sidebar",["Right"]));const{path:r,sizes:a,zone:o}=(0,n.Z7)(t);e.cM(`Defining slot for ${t}: ${r}, sizes: ${JSON.stringify(a)}`),s.defineSlot(r,a,t).addService(s.pubads())}importGptLibrary(){this.gptImported||(this.gptImported=!0,void 0===this.opt.targeting_consent||this.opt.targeting_consent?(0,r.Gx)("https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"):(0,r.Gx)("https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/tag/js/gpt.js"))}isGptReady(){return"undefined"!=typeof googletag&&!!googletag.apiReady}initGpt(){"undefined"==typeof googletag&&(window.googletag={cmd:(0,r.QZ)(()=>this.importGptLibrary())})}getUserMeta(){if(this.opt.allowAccountTargetingForThisRequest&&this.clc_options.tgt_e&&this.clc_options.tgt_p>0){if(e.cM("Targeting enabled."),this.clc_options.tgt_p<100){e.cM("Targeting rate limit enabled. Rolling the dice...");const t=Math.floor(100*Math.random())+1;if(e.cM("Rolled "+t+" and the max is "+this.clc_options.tgt_p),t>this.clc_options.tgt_p)return void e.cM("Will not request targeting.")}return e.cM("Will request targeting."),function(e,t,s,n){if(t){const t=new Headers;return t.append("Accept","application/json"),async function(e,t={},s=5e3){if("number"!=typeof s&&null!=s&&!1!==s){if("string"!=typeof s)throw new Error("fetchWithTimeout: timeout must be a number");if(s=parseInt(s),isNaN(s))throw new Error("fetchWithTimeout: timeout must be a number (or string that can be parsed to a number)")}const n=new AbortController,{signal:r}=n,a=fetch(e,{...t,signal:r}),o=setTimeout(()=>n.abort(),s);try{const e=await a;return clearTimeout(o),e}catch(e){throw clearTimeout(o),e}}(s+"?"+new URLSearchParams({omni:e}),{method:"GET",mode:"cors",headers:t},n).then(e=>e.json())}return Promise.reject("No consent")}(this.opt.omni,this.opt.targeting_consent,this.clc_options.tgt_u,this.clc_options.tgt_to).catch(t=>{e.vU("Error fetching user account targeting"),e.vU(t)})}e.cM("Targeting disabled. Will not request account targeting data.")}initDebugPanel(t,s){e.cM("initDebugPanel"),e.cM("Not showing debug panel.")}},window.clcGamLoaderOptions&&(cam.init(),cam.load())})()})();</script>
|
|
|
|
<footer id="footer" class="site-footer js-footer" role="contentinfo">
|
|
<div class="site-footer--container">
|
|
<nav class="site-footer--nav">
|
|
<div class="site-footer--col">
|
|
<h5 class="-title"><a href="/">Unix & Linux</a></h5>
|
|
<ul class="-list js-primary-footer-links">
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 2 })" href="/tour">Tour</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="/help" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 3 })">Help</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 5 })" href="https://chat.stackexchange.com?tab=site&host=unix.stackexchange.com">Chat</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 13 })" href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 14 })" href="https://unix.meta.stackexchange.com">Feedback</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="site-footer--col">
|
|
<h5 class="-title"><a class="js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 1 })" href="https://stackoverflow.co/">Company</a></h5>
|
|
<ul class="-list">
|
|
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 15})">Stack Overflow</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.co/teams/" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 29 })">Teams</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.co/advertising/" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 21 })">Advertising</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.co/collectives/" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 40 })">Collectives</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.co/talent/" class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 20 })">Talent</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 1 })" href="https://stackoverflow.co/">About</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 27 })" href="https://stackoverflow.co/company/press/">Press</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 7 })" href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal">Legal</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 8 })" href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 37 })" href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/terms-of-service/public">Terms of Service</a></li>
|
|
<li id="consent-footer-link"><button type="button" data-controller="cookie-settings" data-action="click->cookie-settings#toggle" class="s-btn s-btn__link py4 js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 38 })" data-consent-popup-loader="footer">Cookie Settings</button></li>
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 39 })" href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="site-footer--col site-footer--categories-nav">
|
|
<div>
|
|
<h5 class="-title"><a href="https://stackexchange.com" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 30 })">Stack Exchange Network</a></h5>
|
|
<ul class="-list">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites#technology" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Technology
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites#culturerecreation" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Culture & recreation
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites#lifearts" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Life & arts
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites#science" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Science
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites#professional" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Professional
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://stackexchange.com/sites#business" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Business
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li class="mt16 md:mt0">
|
|
<a href="https://api.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
API
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="https://data.stackexchange.com/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 24 })">
|
|
Data
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
<div class="site-footer--copyright fs-fine md:mt24">
|
|
<ul class="-list -social md:mb8">
|
|
<li><a class="js-gps-track -link" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link:4 })" href="https://stackoverflow.blog?blb=1">Blog</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/officialstackoverflow/" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 31 })">Facebook</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/stackoverflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 32 })">Twitter</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://linkedin.com/company/stack-overflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 33 })">LinkedIn</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/thestackoverflow" class="-link js-gps-track" data-gps-track="footer.click({ location: 2, link: 36 })">Instagram</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<p class="md:mb0">
|
|
Site design / logo © 2024 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under <span class='td-underline'><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/help/licensing">CC BY-SA</a></span>. <span id="svnrev">rev 2024.3.12.6097</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="site-footer--extra ai-center">
|
|
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. <br>This site is not affiliated with Linus Torvalds or The Open Group in any way.
|
|
</div>
|
|
</footer>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
|
|
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-S812YQPLT2"></script>
|
|
<script>
|
|
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
|
|
function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); }
|
|
</script>
|
|
<script>
|
|
StackExchange.ready(function() {
|
|
|
|
var ga3Settings = {
|
|
autoLink: ["stackoverflow.blog","info.stackoverflowsolutions.com","stackoverflowsolutions.com"],
|
|
sendTitles: true,
|
|
tracker: window.ga,
|
|
trackingCodes: [
|
|
'UA-108242619-5'
|
|
],
|
|
checkDimension: 'dimension42'
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
var customGA4Dimensions = {};
|
|
|
|
|
|
customGA4Dimensions["routename"] = "Questions/Show";
|
|
|
|
|
|
customGA4Dimensions["post_id"] = "33255";
|
|
|
|
|
|
customGA4Dimensions["tags"] = "|shell-script|zsh|";
|
|
|
|
|
|
var ga4Settings = {
|
|
tracker: gtag,
|
|
trackingCodes: [
|
|
'G-S812YQPLT2'
|
|
],
|
|
consentsToPerformanceCookies: "denied",
|
|
consentsToTargetingCookies: "denied",
|
|
eventParameters: customGA4Dimensions,
|
|
checkForAdBlock: true,
|
|
sendTitles: true,
|
|
trackClicks: false,
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.ga.init({ GA3: ga3Settings, GA4: ga4Settings });
|
|
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.ga.setDimension('dimension2', '|shell-script|zsh|');
|
|
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.ga.setDimension('dimension3', 'Questions/Show');
|
|
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.ga.setDimension('dimension7', "1710281021.817566425");
|
|
|
|
StackExchange.ga.trackPageView();
|
|
});
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
<script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" charset="UTF-8" data-document-language="true" data-domain-script="cb0f3c87-b769-4e66-bbaa-377f9194216d"></script>
|
|
<script defer src="https://cdn.sstatic.net/Js/modules/cookie-consent.en.js?v=36bebc18e04f"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|