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3614 lines
94 KiB
3614 lines
94 KiB
<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>The Virtual Museum of Computing</TITLE>
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<LINK REL=made HREF="http://www.jpbowen.com/">
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<!-- Created by Jonathan Bowen, 1 June 1995 -->
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="This virtual museum includes an
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eclectic collection of WWW hyperlinks connected with the history of
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computing and on-line computer-based exhibits available both locally
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and around the world.">
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="virtual, library, museum, computing
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computer, history, exhibit, gallery, newsgroup, simulator, future, network,
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software, hardware, research, education, VMoC, museophile">
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<STYLE type="text/css">
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<!-- {}
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H1.title {border-width: 2; border: solid; text-align: center}
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H2.list {border-width: 1; border: solid; text-align: center}
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-->
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</STYLE>
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<BASE TARGET="_top">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
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<FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">
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<A HREF="http://icom.museum/">
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<IMG ALT="ICOM" SRC="http://icom.museum/images/icom2.gif"
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HEIGHT=48 WIDTH=96 BORDER=0 ALIGN=right></A>
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<!http://vlib.org/>
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<!http://vlib.stanford.edu/Overview.html>
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<!24 Feb 98>
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<!http://www.vlib.org/>
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<!http://www.w3.org/vl/>
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<A NAME=top HREF="http://www.vlib.org/">
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<NOBR>
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<IMG ALT="*"
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SRC="Virtual_Library.gif"
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HEIGHT=48 WIDTH=48 BORDER=0>
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Virtual Library</NOBR></A>
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<!NOBR>
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<!/archive/other/museums.html>
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<!4 Mar 98>
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<!http://icom.museum/vlmp/>
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<!10 Jan 01>
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<A HREF="http://vlmp.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/">
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<NOBR>
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<IMG ALT="*"
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SRC="Virtual_Library.gif"
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HEIGHT=36 WIDTH=36 BORDER=0>
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Museums</NOBR></A>
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<!http://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/bySubject/Computing/Overview.html>
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<!http://vlib.stanford.edu/Computing.html>
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<!24 Feb 98>
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<A HREF="http://www.vlib.org/Computing.html">
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<NOBR>
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<IMG ALT="*"
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SRC="Virtual_Library.gif"
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HEIGHT=36 WIDTH=36 BORDER=0>
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Computing</NOBR></A>
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<!8 Feb 00>
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<!-- http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/museums/computing/pioneers.html -->
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<!19 Dec 00>
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<NOBR>
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<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/pioneers/">
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<IMG ALT="*"
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SRC="Virtual_Library.gif"
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HEIGHT=36 WIDTH=36 BORDER=0>
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Pioneers</NOBR></A>
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<!/NOBR>
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<BR CLEAR=all>
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<P>
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<HR SIZE=5>
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<!30 Sep 99>
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<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/babbage/#diff-engine">
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<!IMG SRC="http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/museums/computing/photo.gif">
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<IMG SRC="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/photo.gif"
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WIDTH=121 HEIGHT=186 BORDER=0 ALT="[Babbage Difference Engine]" ALIGN=right></A>
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<!PRE>
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<!/PRE>
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<CENTER>
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<H1 CLASS="title">
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<FONT COLOR="#ff0000">
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<EM>The Virtual Museum of Computing</EM>
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<BR>
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<CENTER>
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(VMoC)
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</CENTER>
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</FONT>
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</H1>
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Now accessible as:
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<FONT SIZE=5>
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<!29 Jan 99>
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<!http://i.am/vmoc>
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<!8 May 99>
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<!--
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<A HREF=http://vmoc.i.am/>
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<TT>vmoc.i.am</TT></A>
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<!19 Dec 00>
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<A HREF=http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/>
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<TT>vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk</TT></A>
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-->
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<!9 Jun 02>
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<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.com/">
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<TT>vmoc.museophile.com</TT></A>
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</FONT>
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<P>
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</CENTER>
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<!-- desc -->
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This virtual museum includes an eclectic
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<A HREF=#galleries>
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collection</A> of
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<!http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html>
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<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/">
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World Wide Web</A> (WWW)
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hyperlinks connected with the history of computing
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and on-line computer-based exhibits available both locally and
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around the world.
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<!-- end_desc -->
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<!P>
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<!--
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You are visitor number
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-->
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<!"http://www.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/cgi-bin/archive/nph-count?link=/vlmp/computing.html">
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<!"http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cgi/archive/nph-count?link=/vlmp/computing.html">
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<!A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/cgi/archive/museum-count?/vlmp/computing.html">
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cgi/archive/nph-count?link=/vlmp/computing.html"
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onMouseOver="window.status='Visitor counter'; return true"
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onMouseOut="window.status=''; return true">
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<!-- WIDTH=105 HEIGHT=20 -->
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<IMG WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=20 BORDER=0 ALT="[VISITOR NUMBER]"
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SRC="http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cgi/archive/nph-count?width=5&link=/vlmp/computing.html"></A>
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<! SRC="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/cgi/archive/museum-count?/vlmp/computing.html"></A>
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<!"http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cgi/archive/nph-count?width=5&link=/vlmp/computing.html">
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<!--
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since
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-->
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<P>
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This museum opened on
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<NOBR>1<SUP>st</SUP> June 1995</NOBR>.
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<!24 Sep 96>
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The museum receives about 200 visitors each day.
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<!P>
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Please contact
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<!25 Oct 00>
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<A HREF="http://www.jpbowen.com/">
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Jonathan Bowen</A>
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if you know of relevant on-line information not included here.
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<P>
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<!15 May 96>
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Mirror sites are available in
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<A HREF="http://icom.museum/vlmp/computing.html">
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Sweden</A> and
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<!http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/icom/vlmp/computing.html>
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<A HREF="http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/vlmp/computing.html">
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USA</A> courtesy of
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<A HREF="http://icom.museum/">
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ICOM</A>, and also
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<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/other/museums.html#mirrors>
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<A HREF="http://icom.museum/overview.html#mirrors">
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elsewhere</A>, including the
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<!http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/vlmp/computing.html>
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<!3 Feb 98><!20 Dec 00>
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<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/">
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UK</A>, if you experience poor access speed.
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<!23 Sep 96>
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<!http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cgi/archive/redirect-vmoc>
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<!20 Dec 00>
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<A HREF="http://www.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/cgi/archive/redirect-vmoc">
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Automatic redirection</A> to a mirror site is available.
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<P>
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<BR CLEAR=all>
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<!PRE>
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<!/PRE>
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<CENTER>
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<!H4>
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<!4 Nov 96>
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<A NAME=current HREF=#current>
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<!This month>
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<!/H4>
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<!4 Nov 96>
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<!FONT SIZE=+1>
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<!/FONT>
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<H4>
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<A NAME=selection HREF=#selection>
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Selected recent additions and events</A>
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</H4>
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<!31 Jan 96>
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<!http://www.zib-berlin.de/Prospect/zuse.html>
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<!Konrad Zuse>
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<!http://www.zib-berlin.de/Prospect/nachruf.html>
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<! died 18 December 1995>
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<!/FONT>
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<!P>
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<FONT SIZE=+1>
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<!2 May 03>
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<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
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<A HREF="http://www.research.ibm.com/resources/news/20030423_edgarpassaway.shtml">
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Edgar (Ted) Codd</A> (1923-2003), inventor of the
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<A HREF="http://www.databaseanswers.com/history.htm">
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relational database</A> model,
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died on <NOBR>18 April 2003.</NOBR>
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<P>
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<!6 Mar 03>
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<!"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ksj/RogerNeedham.html">
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<A HREF="http://research.microsoft.com/users/needham/">
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Roger Needham</A> (1935-2003) died on 28 February 2003.
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<P>
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<!6 Oct 02>
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<A HREF="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/08/24/1030052995887.html">
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Allan Bromley</A>, who researched
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/collections/exhiblets/babbage/babbwork.asp">
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Charles Babbage</A>'s drawings of the
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/collections/exhiblets/babbage/diffeng.asp">
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Difference Engine</A> extensively in the
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London
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/">
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Science Museum</A> archive, died in August 2002.
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This work led to the building of the
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/collections/exhiblets/babbage/diffeng2.asp">
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Difference Engine No. 2</A>,
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now on display in the
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/">
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Science Museum</A> Computing Gallery in London.
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<P>
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<!20 Aug 02>
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/">
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Edsger Wybe Dijkstra</A> (1930-2002),
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/obituary.html">
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died</A> on
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<NOBR>6 August 2002.</NOBR>
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See
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<A HREF="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/UTCS/notices/dijkstra/ewdobit.html">
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obituary</A>.
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<P>
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<!20 Aug 02>
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Both co-inventors of
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<A HREF="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Programming/Languages/Simula/">
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Simula 67</A>, the first
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object-oriented programming language, died in 2002.
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<BR>
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<A HREF="http://www.ifi.uio.no/~olejohan/">
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Ole-Johan Dahl</A> (1931-2002)
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<A HREF="http://www.ub.uio.no/umn/inf/ojd/">
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died</A> on
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<NOBR>29 June 2002.</NOBR>
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<BR>
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<A HREF="http://www.ifi.uio.no/~kristen/">
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Kristen Nygaard</A> (1926-2002)
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<A HREF="http://www.ifi.uio.no/in_memoriam_kristen/">
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died</A> on
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<NOBR>10 August 2002.</NOBR>
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<P>
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<!18 Jul 01>
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<A HREF="http://is.lse.ac.uk/leo/">
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Business Computing:
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the Second 50 Years</A>, The Guildhall, London, UK,
|
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<NOBR>5-6 November 2001.</NOBR>
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A conference celebrating the 50th anniversary of
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<A HREF="http://is.lse.ac.uk/leo/About_LEO.htm">
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LEO</A>, the world's first business computer.
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See
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<!29 Nov 01>
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<A HREF="http://is.lse.ac.uk/leo/programme.htm">
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programme</A>.
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<P>
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<!23 Apr 01>
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<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/pvs01/">
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<EM>Program Verification and Semantics: The Early Work</EM></A>,
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seminar,
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/">
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Science Museum</A>, London,
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<NOBR>5 June 2001.</NOBR>
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<P>
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<!16 Jul 01>
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<A HREF="http://www.computer50.org/mark1/kilburn.html">
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Tom Kilburn</A> (1921-2001), Manchester University, UK,
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died on
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<NOBR>17 January 2001.</NOBR>
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<P>
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<!16 Jul 01>
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<A HREF="http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/hewlett/index2.htm">
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William Hewlett</A> (1913-2001), co-founder of
|
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<A HREF="http://www.hp.com/">HP</A>, died on
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<NOBR>12 January 2001.</NOBR>
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<P>
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<!27 Jul 01>
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<A HREF="http://www.npl.co.uk/npl/about/100years_npl/famous/donald_davies.html">
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Donald Davies</A> (1924-2000), packet switching pioneer at
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<A HREF="http://www.npl.co.uk/">
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NPL</A>, died on
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<NOBR>28 May 2000.</NOBR>
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<!-- -->
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<NOBR>
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See
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<A HREF="http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/davies.shtml">
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ISOC information</A>.</NOBR>
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<P>
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<!17 Jan 00>
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<A HREF="http://www.alanturing.net/conference/ACE/ace2000.html">
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ACE 2000 CONFERENCE</A>
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50th anniversary of the ACE computer,
|
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<A HREF="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/">
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Science Museum</A>, London,
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<NOBR>18 May 2000</NOBR>
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&
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<A HREF="http://www.npl.co.uk/">
|
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National Physical Laboratory</A>, UK,
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<NOBR>19 May 2000</NOBR>.
|
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<P>
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<!15 Dec 98>
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<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/UoCCL/misc/EDSAC99/">
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EDSAC 99</A>, 50th Anniversary of the EDSAC 1 computer,
|
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Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK,
|
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<NOBR>15-16 April 1999</NOBR>.
|
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<P>
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<!21 Dec 98>
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<!http://www.man.ac.uk/Science_Engineering/CHSTM/leo/reports.htm>
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<!18 Jul 01>
|
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<A HREF="http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/1999reu.htm">
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50th Anniversary</A> of Joe Lyons' decision to give the
|
|
go ahead to the building of
|
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<!5 Jan 99>
|
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<NOBR>
|
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<!http://www.man.ac.uk/Science_Engineering/CHSTM/leo/>
|
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<A HREF="http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/">
|
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LEO</A> 1</NOBR>,
|
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<NOBR>15 October 1999</NOBR>.
|
|
<!--
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<NOBR>
|
|
Contact
|
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<A HREF=mailto:%20pgb@cuapb.demon.co.uk>
|
|
Peter Byford</A>,
|
|
</NOBR>
|
|
Chairman,
|
|
<NOBR>
|
|
LEO Computers Society.
|
|
</NOBR>
|
|
-->
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!11 Nov 98>
|
|
<!http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/98/11/10/timobiobi03003.html?1048521>
|
|
<!13 Apr 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue63/news-flowers.html">
|
|
Tommy Flowers</A>, MBE, codebreaking engineer at Bletchley Park
|
|
who worked on Colossus, died on <NOBR>28 October 1998, aged 92</NOBR>.
|
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<NOBR>(Born on 22 December 1905.)</NOBR>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!22 Oct 98>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.isoc.org/postel/">
|
|
In Memory of Internet Pioneer Jon Postel</A>, died October 1998.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.iana.org/postel/postel-tribute.html">
|
|
tribute</A> from
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.iana.org/">
|
|
IANA</A> and
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.domainhandbook.com/postel.html">
|
|
<NOBR>In Memoriam</NOBR></A> from the
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.domainhandbook.com/">
|
|
<NOBR>Domain Name Handbook</NOBR></A>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
(<A HREF="http://www.isoc.org/postel/service.shtml">Memorial service</A>, 5 November 1998.)
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--
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|
18 month celebration of the
|
|
<A HREF=#ENIAC>
|
|
50th anniversary of ENIAC</A>, from 14 February 1996.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!7 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=#Bletchley>
|
|
Bletchley Park</A> including the
|
|
Colossus Rebuild Project.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!15 Mar 96>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/mark1/index.html">
|
|
Towards the 50th Anniversary of the Manchester Mark 1 Computer</A>.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!27 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.hp.com/abouthp/packard.htm">
|
|
David Packard</A>
|
|
(1912-1996), co-founder of <A HREF="http://www.hp.com/">HP</A>.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!16 Sep 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/review/phillips.htm>
|
|
Phillips Economic Hydraulic Computer</A>,
|
|
now at the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/>
|
|
Science Museum</A>, London.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!20 Sep 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tcse.org/hmills.html>
|
|
Harlan Mills</A>
|
|
(1919-1996), software engineering pioneer.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!14 Oct 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.si.edu/resource/tours/comphist/cray.htm>
|
|
Seymour Cray</A>
|
|
(<A HREF=http://jya.com/srcrip.txt>died October 1996</A>),
|
|
supercomputer pioneer and
|
|
founder of
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cray.com/>
|
|
Cray</A>.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
25 year ago in November 1971
|
|
<A HREF=http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/hoff.html>
|
|
"Ted" Marcian E. Hoff Jr</A> invented the
|
|
first
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/features/generations/microprocessors.html>
|
|
microprocessor</A> (the 4004) at
|
|
<!http://www.intel.com/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/features/generations/intel.html>
|
|
Intel</A>.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!5 Dec 96>
|
|
<!http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/>
|
|
<!15 Mar 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.bcs.org/sg/ccs/>
|
|
BCS Computer Conservation Society</A>, UK.
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
<!26 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/people/jpb/publications/thes-leo.html#Pinkerton>
|
|
John Pinkerton</A>, died
|
|
<NOBR>22 December 1997</NOBR>.
|
|
<!http://gtd.icl.co.uk/enginicl/jmmp.htm>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!19 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/>
|
|
50th Anniversary of the First Stored-Program Computer</A>,
|
|
<NOBR>Manchester, UK, 21 June 1998</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!10 May 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/memorial.html>
|
|
Memorials to Alan Turing</A> -
|
|
a new
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/>
|
|
<NOBR>English Heritage</NOBR></A>
|
|
blue plaque memorial as
|
|
<NOBR><EM>Code-breaker and Pioneer of Computer Science</EM></NOBR>
|
|
was unveiled by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/>
|
|
<NOBR>Andrew Hodges</NOBR></A>
|
|
(<NOBR><A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/>Turing</A>'s
|
|
<!24 Jun 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/book.html>
|
|
biographer</A></NOBR>)
|
|
at
|
|
<!24 Jun 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.colonnade.demon.co.uk/>
|
|
<NOBR>his birthplace</NOBR></A> in <NOBR>London, UK,</NOBR>
|
|
on
|
|
<NOBR>Turing's 86th birthday, 23 June 1998</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!3 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~widiger/ICHC/>
|
|
International Conference on the History of Computing</A>,
|
|
<NOBR>Paderborn, Germany, 14-16 August 1998</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!17 Jun 98>
|
|
2nd
|
|
<!http://www.siconic.com/vcf/>
|
|
<!18 Jul 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.vintage.org/>
|
|
Vintage Computer Festival</A>,
|
|
Santa Clara, California, USA, <NOBR>26-27 September 1998</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~hoc/kiev/>
|
|
Computers in Europe: Past, Present and Future</A>
|
|
International Symposium,
|
|
<NOBR>Kiev, Ukraine, 6-8 October 1998</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!8 Sep 97>
|
|
1st
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.siconic.com/vcf/>
|
|
<!18 Jul 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.vintage.org/>
|
|
Vintage Computer Festival</A>,
|
|
Alameda County Fairgrounds, Pleasanton, California, USA,
|
|
<NOBR>25-26 October 1997</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!4 Oct 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.systers.org/hopper/>
|
|
Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing</A>,
|
|
San Jose, California, USA,
|
|
<NOBR>19-21 September 1997</NOBR>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
See also other
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~hoc/conferences.html>
|
|
History of Computing conferences</A>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
</FONT>
|
|
|
|
</CENTER>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=galleries>
|
|
<HR SIZE=5>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Galleries</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT SIZE=+1>
|
|
|
|
<UL TYPE=square>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#local>Local virtual exhibits</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#corporate>Corporate history and overviews</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#orgs>History of computing organizations</A>
|
|
<!12 Jun 95>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#history>General historical information</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#museums>Computer-related museums</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#exhibits>On-line exhibits and information</A>
|
|
<!12 Jun 95>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#personal>Personal collections</A>
|
|
<!20 Nov 97>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#newsgroups>Selected newsgroups</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#simulators>Computer simulators</A>
|
|
<!23 Jan 96>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#future>The future</A>
|
|
<!12 Jul 95>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=#other>Other links</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
</FONT>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=local>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Local virtual exhibits</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!19 Oct 95>
|
|
<!-- http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/museums/computing/pioneers.html -->
|
|
<LI><!19 Dec 00>
|
|
<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/pioneers/">
|
|
Pioneers of Computing</A>
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
by the museum's "virtual director",
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.jpbowen.com/>
|
|
Jonathan Bowen</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!11 Sep 95><!18 Sep 95>
|
|
<!http://www.wadham.ox.ac.uk/~ahodges/Turing.html>
|
|
<!14 Mar 96>
|
|
<!http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wadh0249/Turing.html>
|
|
<!15 May 96>
|
|
<!http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wadh0249/Turing.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 May 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/>
|
|
The Alan Turing Home Page</A>
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
by the museum's first "virtual curator",
|
|
<!http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wadh0249/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/>
|
|
Andrew Hodges</A>, author of
|
|
<!http://users.ox.ac.uk/~wadh0249/book.html>
|
|
<!http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/book.html>
|
|
<!12 Jul 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.org.uk/book/>
|
|
<EM>Alan Turing: The Enigma</EM></A>.
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!11 Feb 97>
|
|
Also available
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.turing.com/turing/Turing.html>
|
|
in the US</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
See also
|
|
<!17 Jan 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.alanturing.net/>
|
|
AlanTuring.net</A>, the Turing Archive for the History of Computing.
|
|
|
|
<!23 Feb 96>
|
|
<!http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/users/jonathan.bowen/babbage.html>
|
|
<LI><!30 Sep 99><!20 Dec 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/babbage/>
|
|
Charles Babbage (1791-1871)</A>
|
|
including the
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/users/jonathan.bowen/babbage.html#diff-engine>
|
|
<!11 Jan 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/babbage/#diff-engine>
|
|
Difference Engine</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!15 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/museums/computing/mandelbrot.html>
|
|
<LI><!20 Dec 00><!10 Jan 01>
|
|
<A HREF="http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/mandelbrot/">
|
|
Mandelbrot Exhibition</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/users/jonathan.bowen/algebra/>
|
|
<LI><!30 Sep 99><!Dec 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/algebra/>
|
|
A Brief History of Algebra and Computing</A>.
|
|
<!An Eclectic Oxonian View>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!22 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/museums/computing/atanasoff.html>
|
|
<LI><!20 Dec 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://vmoc.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/pioneers/atanasoff.html>
|
|
John V. Atanasoff: Obituary</A> (June 1995).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/cards.html>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
Early
|
|
<!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://vmoc.museophile.com/cards/>
|
|
Microprocessor Instruction Set Cards</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/users/jonathan.bowen/publications/ndcubes.html>
|
|
<LI><!25 Jan 00><!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/people/jpb/publications/ndcubes.html>
|
|
N-dimensional cubes</A>, including program code to generate them.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95><!23 Apr 01>
|
|
Computer graphics
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ox.ac.uk/images/>
|
|
image archive</A>, including
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/images.html#Movies>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ox.ac.uk/images/#Movies>
|
|
moving images</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95><!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/3d/>
|
|
3-D and SIRDS images</A>, including
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/3d.html#VR>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/3d/#VR>
|
|
Virtual Reality</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/~paul/>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!30 Oct 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://linux1.balliol.ox.ac.uk/~paul/>
|
|
Paul's Virtual Exhibition</A>.
|
|
An experimental ray-traced gallery/museum.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://thomas.balliol.ox.ac.uk/gallery2/>
|
|
<!The Nightmare Gallery>
|
|
<!of pictures from the>
|
|
<!news:alt.binaries.pictures.misc>
|
|
<!alt.binaries.pictures.misc newsgroup.>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
Computer
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/audio.html>
|
|
<!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/audio/>
|
|
audio</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
A
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/selection.html>
|
|
<!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/selection/>
|
|
selection of organizations</A> with WWW servers,
|
|
including many major computing, electronics and telecoms
|
|
corporations.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!31 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://swift.eng.ox.ac.uk/rjm/museum.html>
|
|
Bob's Computer Museum</A> -
|
|
guide to a growing personal collection of mainly microcomputers
|
|
by Robert Manners.
|
|
(Good brief information and pictures.)
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 Apr 97>
|
|
<!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/people/jpb/publications/thes-leo.html>
|
|
Lionising Leo</A>:
|
|
Review of
|
|
<EM>The World's First Business Computer: User-Driven Innovation</EM>,
|
|
D.T. Caminer (ed.),
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mcgraw-hill.com/>
|
|
McGraw-Hill</A>, 1996.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<!14 Oct 96>
|
|
Items marked
|
|
<I><IMG ALT="`Recommended'" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11></I>
|
|
are especially recommended.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!12 Oct 95>
|
|
If you would like to volunteer to be a virtual curator on some
|
|
aspect of the history of computing, please
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.jpbowen.com/> get in touch</A>,
|
|
preferably with a
|
|
<A HREF=http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/?URL>
|
|
URL</A> for the "gallery" or on-line exhibit
|
|
which you would like included.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!7 Jun 95>
|
|
The museum has no on-line shop as yet, but feel free to try some
|
|
<!http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/shopping.html>
|
|
<!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/shopping/>
|
|
virtual shopping</A>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!12 Jun 95>
|
|
You may also be interested in a list of
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.blackwell.co.uk/cgi-bin/bb_catsel?09_IR8>
|
|
books on the history of computing</A>, available for sale from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.blackwell.co.uk/bookshops/>
|
|
Blackwell's Bookshop</A>, Oxford.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=corporate>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Corporate history and overviews</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<!11 Sep 96>
|
|
<!http://www.acorn.co.uk/aboutacorn/introduction.html>
|
|
|
|
<!16 Jan 98>
|
|
<!http://www.acorn.com/>
|
|
<LI><!8 Feb 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Systems/Acorn/">
|
|
Acorn</A>:
|
|
<!http://www.acorn.com/acorn/company/>
|
|
<!8 Feb 03>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.mcmordie.co.uk/acornhistory/acornhistory.shtml">
|
|
A technical history</A>.
|
|
An early home computer manufacturer based in Cambridge, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.amdahl.com/>
|
|
Amdahl</A>:
|
|
<!http://www.amdahl.com/about/timeline.htm>
|
|
<!-- Company History -->
|
|
US company
|
|
founded by IBM System/360 architect Gene Amdahl, now owned by Fujitsu.
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.apple.com/documents/history.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jul 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.apple.com/>
|
|
Apple</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.research.apple.com/extras/history/>
|
|
History</A>, California, USA.
|
|
Personal computer manufacturer found by Jobs and Wozniak,
|
|
only real competition to the IBM PC.
|
|
<!A HREF=http://www.info.apple.com/aboutapple/timeline.html>
|
|
<!Corporate Timeline from January 1976 onwards.>
|
|
<!12 Feb 97>
|
|
See also
|
|
<!14 Jul 97>
|
|
<!http://www.apple-history.pair.com/>
|
|
<!7 Mar 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.apple-history.com/>
|
|
apple-history.com</A>.
|
|
<!--
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.photonpub.co.uk/appleretro/>
|
|
AppleRetrospective</A>
|
|
including an
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.photonpub.co.uk/appleretro/retroindex.html>
|
|
Apple computer index</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.photonpub.co.uk/appleretro/links.html>
|
|
links to Apple II sites</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.att.com/factbook/fb03_history.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!16 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.att.com/>
|
|
AT&T</A>:
|
|
<!http://www.att.com/ir/factbook/co_history.html>
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!21 Dec 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.att.com/attlabs/threads.html>
|
|
History of AT&T research and development</A>
|
|
(see <A HREF=http://www.att.com/attlabs/chrono/>
|
|
chronology</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.att.com/attlabs/sprockets.html>
|
|
archival films</A> including early e-mail) and
|
|
-->
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.research.att.com/history/>
|
|
Research history</A>.
|
|
Telecommunications company where
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.research.att.com/history/47trans.html>
|
|
the transistor</A> (1947) and
|
|
<!http://www.att.com/attlabs/chrono/internet.html>
|
|
<!8 Feb 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/">
|
|
Unix operating system</A> were invented.
|
|
See also the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.research.att.com/history/39comp.html>
|
|
first electrical digital computer</A> (1939).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.compaq.com/>
|
|
Compaq</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.compaq.com/inside/news/>
|
|
News</A>, USA.
|
|
PCs;
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.compaq.com/newsroom/pr/pr260198c.html>
|
|
second largest computing company</A> having bought
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digital.com/>
|
|
Digital</A> in January 1998.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!22 Jun 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cdc.com/>
|
|
Control Data Corporation</A> (CDC):
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cdc.com/about/>
|
|
About Control Data</A>, USA.
|
|
First
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/people/jpb/publications/thes-cray.html>
|
|
supercomputer</A> (CDC6600) manufacturer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.corel.com/>
|
|
Corel</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.corel.com/news/>
|
|
News</A>, USA.
|
|
Software including WordPerfect.
|
|
|
|
<!14 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.cray.com/PUBLIC/Overview.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cray.com/>
|
|
Cray</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cray.com/PUBLIC/COMPANY/Overview.html>
|
|
A Company Overiew</A>, USA.
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/people/jpb/publications/thes-cray.html>
|
|
Supercomputer</A> manufacturer.
|
|
Bought by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sgi.com/>
|
|
Silicon Graphics</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 Apr 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/>
|
|
Data General</A>:
|
|
<!http://www.dg.com/info/dgbg.html>
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/about/>
|
|
Corporate Information</A>, USA.
|
|
Early minicomputer manufacturer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digital.com/>
|
|
Digital</A>:
|
|
<!http://www.digital.com/info/digital-at-a-glance.html>
|
|
<!17 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digital.com/timeline/>
|
|
Computing Timeline</A>, Massachusetts, USA.
|
|
Early minicomputer manufacturer.
|
|
See
|
|
<!17 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digital.com/info/flash/b40/>
|
|
40th Anniversary</A> (23 August 1997).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hp.com/>
|
|
Hewlett-Packard</A> (HP):
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hp.com/abouthp/history.html>
|
|
History</A>, California, USA.
|
|
Includes
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!--
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hp.com/abouthp/HPGarage.html>
|
|
the Garage</A> which was workshop of
|
|
-->
|
|
the founders
|
|
<!http://www.hp.com/abouthp/hewlett.htm>
|
|
<!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/bios/hewlett.htm>
|
|
Bill Hewlett</A> and
|
|
<!http://www.hp.com/abouthp/packard.htm>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/execteam/bios/packard.htm>
|
|
Dave Packard</A>.
|
|
<!-- when they started business. -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ibm.com/>
|
|
IBM</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ibm.com/IBM/>
|
|
About IBM</A>, USA.
|
|
See also
|
|
<!27 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ibm.com/Features/ancient.html>
|
|
IBM and the Internet: an ancient history</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.icl.co.uk/ICL/ICLFacts/ICL_History.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!16 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.icl.co.uk/>
|
|
ICL</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.icl.co.uk/facts/fact15.html>
|
|
History of Ownership and Flotation</A>, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.intel.com/>
|
|
Intel</A>:
|
|
<!http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/about.html>
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/about.htm>
|
|
In Brief</A> and
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum/>
|
|
museum</A>, California, USA.
|
|
The company who introduced the world's
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/about/html/intel_evolution.html>
|
|
first microprocessor</A> in
|
|
1971.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!26 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.jamesmartin.com/>
|
|
James Martin & Co.</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.jamesmartin.com/whoweare/history.html>
|
|
Our Company History</A>.
|
|
Methodology and process management, founded in 1981.
|
|
See also the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/people/tony.hoare.html>
|
|
James Martin Professor of Computing</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!22 Jun 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://archive.museophile.sbu.ac.uk/people/jpb/publications/thes-leo.html>
|
|
J. Lyons & Co.</A>:
|
|
First business computer
|
|
<!5 Jan 99><!18 Jul 01>
|
|
(<A HREF=http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/>Lyons
|
|
Electronic Office</A>
|
|
- LEO) manufacturer, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!16 Oct 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.logica.com/>
|
|
Logica</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.logica.com/aboutl/>
|
|
About Logica</A>, London, UK.
|
|
A leading international software house, founded in 1969.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://library.microsoft.com/>
|
|
Microsoft</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://library.microsoft.com/mshist/mshist.htm>
|
|
History</A>, Seattle, USA.
|
|
Largest PC software company in the world.
|
|
See
|
|
<!27 Aug 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.microsoft.com/mscorp/museum/home.asp>
|
|
Microsoft Museum</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!Netscape>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Jan 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.rational.com/corpinfo/history.jtmpl>
|
|
Rational Software</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.rational.com/corpinfo/history.jtmpl>
|
|
Company history</A>, USA.
|
|
Software application development support company,
|
|
founded in 1981.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.next.com/>
|
|
NeXT</A>:
|
|
<!--
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.next.com/AboutNeXT/NeXTBackgrounder.html>
|
|
Corporate Backgrounder</A>,
|
|
-->
|
|
California, USA.
|
|
Founded by Steve Jobs after leaving
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.apple.com/>
|
|
Apple</A>, now reconsumed by
|
|
<A HREF=http://enterprise.apple.com/>
|
|
Apple</A>.
|
|
<!-- Business, history etc. From hardware to software. -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.olivetti.com/>
|
|
Olivetti</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.olivetti.com/group/history.html>
|
|
The story</A>, Italy.
|
|
From typewriters to IT, telecommunications and multimedia.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.oracle.com/>
|
|
Oracle</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.oracle.com/corporate/>
|
|
About Oracle</A>, USA.
|
|
World's largest vendor of information management software.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.sgi.com/Overview/overview.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sgi.com/>
|
|
Silicon Graphics</A> (SGI):
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sgi.com/Overview/corp/overview.html>
|
|
Corporate Overview</A>, California, USA.
|
|
A workstation manfacturer, concentrating on high-quality graphics,
|
|
founded in the early 1980s.
|
|
|
|
<!14 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.sun.com/cgi-bin/show?corporateoverview/corp.html>
|
|
<!http://www.sun.com/cgi-bin/show?corporateoverview/SMI_overview.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sun.com/>
|
|
Sun</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sun.com/corporateoverview/who/history.html>
|
|
Corporate Information: History</A>, California, USA.
|
|
A leading workstation manufacturer, founded in 1982.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/services/unisys-folklore/>
|
|
Unisys: History Newsletter</A>, USA.
|
|
Information about UNIVAC, Sperry, Burroughs etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.xilinx.com/>
|
|
Xilinx</A>:
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.xilinx.com/About_the_company.html>
|
|
About the Company</A>, USA.
|
|
Introduced the first Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in 1985.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
More on-line history from other computer companies not mentioned
|
|
above would be especially welcome for inclusion.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=orgs>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">History of computing organizations</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Oct 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.atari-history.com/> The
|
|
Atari Historical Society</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!17 Nov 97>
|
|
<!http://csirac.cs.latrobe.edu.au/>
|
|
<LI><!23 Mar 98><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A NAME=ACMS HREF=http://www.terrigal.net.au/~acms/>
|
|
Australian Computer Museum Society Inc</A> (ACMS).
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://fs1.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/cbihome.htm>
|
|
<!14 Nov 95>
|
|
<!http://cbi.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/welcome.htm>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Aug 98>
|
|
<A NAME=CBI HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/>
|
|
Charles Babbage Institute</A> (CBI),
|
|
Center for the History of Information Processing,
|
|
University of Minnesota, USA.
|
|
Dedicated to the preservation of the
|
|
history of information processing.
|
|
See
|
|
<!29 May 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/exhibits/>
|
|
exhibits</A> and
|
|
<!29 Jul 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/iterations/>
|
|
<EM>Iterations:
|
|
An Interdisciplinary Journal of Software History</A></EM>,
|
|
launched in 2001.
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!20 Aug 98>
|
|
See also links to
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/webref.htm>
|
|
Web sites related to the history of information processing</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/movies.htm>
|
|
Hollywood and computers</A>, and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/photo/cbi/gallery.htm>
|
|
photo gallery</A>.
|
|
Includes an
|
|
<A HREF=http://cbi.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/archives.htm>
|
|
archives collection</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://cbi.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/ohlist.htm>
|
|
list of oral histories</A>
|
|
(transcripts available by paper, disk and email for a charge).
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://cbi.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/inv/maininv.htm>
|
|
finding aids</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://cbi.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/images/gallery.htm>
|
|
photo gallery</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://GN.Update.UU.SE:70/0/chp/org/eu/gb/ccs>
|
|
|
|
<!15 Jan 96><!5 Dec 96>
|
|
<!http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/>
|
|
<LI><!15 Mar 02>
|
|
<A NAME=CCS HREF=http://www.bcs.org/sg/ccs/>
|
|
Computer Conservation Society</A>, UK.
|
|
A co-operative venture between the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.bcs.org.uk/>
|
|
British Computer Society</A> (BCS) and the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/>
|
|
Science Museum</A> in London.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
<!--
|
|
The
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.cs.man.ac.uk/pub/CCS-Archive/ccsflyer.txt>
|
|
CCS</A> was constituted in September 1989
|
|
as a a
|
|
<!15 Jan 96>
|
|
<!http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/siglist.htm>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.bcs.org.uk/siggroup/sg08.htm>
|
|
BCS Specialist Group</A>.
|
|
Secretary: Tony Sale
|
|
<A HREF=mailto:%20t.sale@qufaro.demon.co.uk>
|
|
<EM>t.sale@qufaro.demon.co.uk</EM></A>.
|
|
Publishes
|
|
<!23 Jan 95>
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.cs.man.ac.uk/pub/CCS-Archive/Resurrection/>
|
|
<EM>Computer Resurrection:
|
|
The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society</EM></A>.
|
|
ISSN 0958-7403.
|
|
See the
|
|
<!23 Jan 95>
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.cs.man.ac.uk/pub/CCS-Archive/>
|
|
CCS Archive</A> including
|
|
<A HREF=#simulators>
|
|
computer simulators</A> at Manchester.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!gopher://gopher.vortex.com/11/comp-hist>
|
|
<!2 Jan 96>
|
|
<!http://www.chac.org/chac/index.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A NAME=CHAC HREF=http://www.chac.org/>
|
|
Computer History Association of California</A> (CHAC), USA.
|
|
Newsletters, archive materials, and other information and files.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.chac.org/chhistpg.html>
|
|
History Pages</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A NAME=HCS HREF=http://www.cyberstreet.com/hcs/hcs.htm>
|
|
Historical Computer Society</A> (HCS), USA.
|
|
See a planned
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cyberstreet.com/hcs/museum/museum.htm>
|
|
virtual computer history museum</A> including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cyberstreet.com/hcs/museum/chron.htm>
|
|
a chronology of computer history</A> from 3000BC and a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cyberstreet.com/hcs/museum/8080.htm>
|
|
virtual tour of microcomputer history</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!21 Feb 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.thocp.net/>
|
|
The History Of Computing Project</A> Foundation (THOCP),
|
|
The Netherlands. Founded April 2000.
|
|
See
|
|
<!19 Sep 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.thocp.net/reference/museums.htm>
|
|
museums you should visit</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!13 May 99>
|
|
<A NAME=ICFCST HREF=http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/>
|
|
International Charity Foundation for History and Development of
|
|
Computer Science and Technique</A> (ICFCST), Kiev, Ukraine.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=#EMCST>
|
|
virtual museum</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!5 Jan 99>
|
|
<!http://www.man.ac.uk/Science_Engineering/CHSTM/leo/>
|
|
<LI><!23 Jun 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.leo-computers.org.uk/>
|
|
LEO Computers Society</A>, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!19 Sep 95>
|
|
<!http://www.man.ac.uk/Science_Engineering/CHSTM/nahc.htm>
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A NAME=NAHC
|
|
HREF=http://www.chstm.man.ac.uk/nahc/>
|
|
National Archive for the History of Computing</A>,
|
|
University of Manchester, UK.
|
|
Includes a
|
|
<!15 Jul 96>
|
|
<!http://www.man.ac.uk/Science_Engineering/CHSTM/contents.htm>
|
|
<!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.chstm.man.ac.uk/nahc/catalogue.htm>
|
|
catalogue of manuscripts and further sources</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
See also:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://grid.let.rug.nl/ahc/welcome.html>
|
|
<A NAME=AHC HREF=http://grid.let.rug.nl/ahc/>
|
|
Association for History and Computing</A> (AHC) which
|
|
holds
|
|
<!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<!http://grid.let.rug.nl/ahc/conf.html>
|
|
<!29 Jul 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://grid.let.rug.nl/ahc/confer/>
|
|
annual conferences</A> and
|
|
published the
|
|
<!http://grid.let.rug.nl/ahc/journal.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://grid.let.rug.nl/ahc/journal/>
|
|
History and Computing</A> journal.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!16 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.directnet.com/history/>
|
|
<!http://www.history.la.ca.us/history/>
|
|
History Computerization Project</A> of the
|
|
Regional History Center, University of Southern California and
|
|
the Los Angeles City Historical Society, in cooperation with the
|
|
Conference of California Historical Societies.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.acm.org/acm50th/>
|
|
ACM 50th Anniversary Celebration</A> (1947-1997).
|
|
(See also <A HREF=http://www.acm.org/acm50th/homepage-txt.html>
|
|
text only page</A>).
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.acm.org/acm97/>
|
|
ACM97</A> - The Next 50 years of Computing.
|
|
San Jose, California, USA, 1-5 March 1997, including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.acm.org/acm97/conf/>
|
|
conference</A>.
|
|
Part of the 100 year journey of computing (1947-2047).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!24 Oct 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.icomm.ca/tpug/>
|
|
Toronto PET Users Group</A> (TPUG), Canada.
|
|
The oldest Commodore computer club, founded in 1978.
|
|
Supports nearly all Commodore computers, including the PET,
|
|
SuperPET, CBM, Amiga, etc., and the COMAL, CP/M and GEOS environments.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!7 Mar 99>
|
|
<!http://www.siconic.com/vcf/>
|
|
<LI><!18 Jul 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.vintage.org/>
|
|
Vintage Computer Festival</A>, California, USA.
|
|
An annual event.
|
|
See
|
|
<!http://www.siconic.com/vcf/vcflinks.htm>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.vintage.org/cgi-bin/links.pl>
|
|
links</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=history>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">General historical information</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!20 Nov 95>
|
|
<!http://web.kaleida.com/u/hopkins/arpanet/arpanet.html>
|
|
<!ARPANET Psiber Space, a visualisation of the
|
|
network of ARPANET IMPs (Interface Message Processors) in around 1986.>
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!22 Oct 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.lucent.com/ideas/heritage/transistor/>
|
|
50 years of the transistor</A> (1997).
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Jan 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.alanturing.net/>
|
|
AlanTuring.net</A>, the Turing Archive for the History of Computing.
|
|
See Alan Turing's
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.alanturing.net/archive/infopages/london1st.html>
|
|
Automatic Computing Engine</A> (ACE).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!15 Dec 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/mr/BCPL.html>
|
|
BCPL</A>, a programming language designed by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/mr/>
|
|
Martin Richards</A> in 1966.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.isoc.org/internet-history/> A
|
|
Brief History of the Internet</A>
|
|
by Barry Leiner, Vinton Cerf <EM>et al.</EM>
|
|
from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.isoc.org/>
|
|
Internet Society</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.vir.com/Demo/tech/SterlingBrief.html> A
|
|
Brief History of the Internet</A> by Bruce Sterling.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ja.net/jnt-history.html> A
|
|
Brief History of the Joint Network Team (1979-1994)</A>,
|
|
developers of the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ja.net/>
|
|
JANET</A> academic network in the UK,
|
|
by Bob Cooper.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jul 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.silkroad.com/net-history.html>
|
|
Brief History of Networking</A> - important dates, including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.silkroad.com/net-history2.html>
|
|
telephones</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.silkroad.com/net-history2.html>
|
|
digital years</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Feb 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.princeton.edu/~adam/R1/r1rpt.html> A
|
|
Brief History of the Rice Computer</A> (1959-1971).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!2 Aug 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://chide.bournemouth.ac.uk/>
|
|
Centre for the History of Defence Electronics</A> (CHiDE),
|
|
Bournemouth University, UK.
|
|
Includes a planned
|
|
<!http://chide.bournemouth.ac.uk/chide2.html>
|
|
<!1 Jul 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://chide.bournemouth.ac.uk/museum/museum.plan.html>
|
|
virtual museum</A> on
|
|
radar, sonar, communications and electronic counter-measures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comphist.htm>
|
|
Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers</A>
|
|
by Ken Polsson.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.best.com/~wilson/faq/chrono.html>
|
|
Chronology of Digital Computing Machines</A> (to 1952)
|
|
by Mark Brader.
|
|
|
|
<!LI><!21 Nov 95>
|
|
<!--
|
|
A HREF=http://online.guardian.co.uk/RETRIEVE,7,324,5823,0,1445,0.srch
|
|
Colossal contribution to the war effort,
|
|
an article on A HREF=#Bletchley Bletchley Park from the
|
|
A HREF=http://go2.guardian.co.uk/
|
|
Guardian OnLine</A>.
|
|
See also
|
|
A HREF=http://online.guardian.co.uk/RETRIEVE,7,307,5942,0,1445,0.srch
|
|
The future of history?.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Oct 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computerarchive.com/> The
|
|
Computer Archive</A> - the Weinreb collection.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://succeed.edtech.vt.edu/Indexes/Computer%20Engineering.html>
|
|
Computer Engineering</A> section of the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nsf.gov/>
|
|
NSF</A>
|
|
<A HREF=http://succeed.edtech.vt.edu/>
|
|
SUCCEED Engineering Visual Database</A>, USA.
|
|
A good set of photographic and other pictorial resources.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://gn.update.uu.se:70/1s/chp>
|
|
Computer History Project</A>, Uppsala University, Sweden.
|
|
<!Some good historical photographs available.>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!26 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.studyweb.com/computers/history.htm>
|
|
Computer Science: History of Computers</A> links from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.studyweb.com/>
|
|
Study Web</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/comp_hd.html>
|
|
Computers: History and Development</A> from
|
|
Jones Multimedia Encyclopedia.
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jul 96>
|
|
<!http://spot.colorado.edu/~rossk/history/radio.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Aug 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mediahistory.com/compute.html>
|
|
Computing</A> section of the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mediahistory.com/>
|
|
Media History Project</A> Connections Pages.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!23 Mar 98>
|
|
<A NAME=CSIRAC HREF=http://csirac.cs.latrobe.edu.au/csirac.htm>
|
|
CSIRAC: The Birth of Computing in Australia in 1949</A>,
|
|
including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://csirac.cs.latrobe.edu.au/chron.htm>
|
|
chronology</A>.
|
|
First stored-memory electronic computer in Australia (1949-1964).
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/pubs/guides/csirac/>
|
|
Guide to the Records of CSIRAC</A> incluidng a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/pubs/guides/csirac/csir_pho.htm>
|
|
photo gallery</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!29 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/?dinosaurs+mating>
|
|
Dinosaurs mating</A> (humour) and
|
|
<A HREF=http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/f/>
|
|
other entries</A> from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/>
|
|
Free On-line Dictionary of Computing</A> (FOLDOC).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Sep 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://piglet.cs.umass.edu:4321/~pop/pop_development.html> The
|
|
Early Development of POP</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://piglet.cs.umass.edu:4321/~pop/>
|
|
Prof. Robin Poppleston</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Aug 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://bond.edu.au/Bond/Schools/IT/Foreign/Tommy/Manchester.html>
|
|
Early Years at Manchester University</A>, UK.
|
|
Includes information on and photographs of the
|
|
prototype for the Ferranti Mark I computer,
|
|
presented and authorized by Tommy Thomas.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Oct 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/elab/> The
|
|
Electronic Labyrinth</A>,
|
|
a study of hypertext technology, including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0267.html>
|
|
time line</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!23 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.softaid.net/emulate/eu/eu-18.shtml> An
|
|
Embedded History - Part 2</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.softaid.net/emulate/eu/eu-25.shtml>
|
|
Part 3</A> from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.softaid.net/emulate/eu/newsltr.html>
|
|
Embedded Update electronic newsletter</A> on embedded systems.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Mar 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF="http://users.tpg.com.au/jonbar/">
|
|
English Electric Deuce Computer 1 manuals</A>
|
|
by John Barrett.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pretext.com/mar98/features/story2.htm> The
|
|
First Email Message</A> sent by Ray Tomlinson (1972).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!18 Jun 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.iinet.net.au/~dgreen/>
|
|
First Generation Computers</A>, including the Bendix G-15 (1956).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/events/anniversaries/40th/>
|
|
Forty Years On: An Anniversary Volume</A> (1957-1997),
|
|
Department of Computing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,
|
|
edited by Barry Hodgson and
|
|
<A HREF=#Randell>
|
|
Brian Randell</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Apr 03>
|
|
<IMG ALT="!" SRC="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/new" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=5>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/computerhistory.html">
|
|
Greatest moments of computer history are speeding up</A>.
|
|
Omega Point expected around 2040!
|
|
|
|
<LI><!22 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.uregina.ca/~bayko/cpu.html>
|
|
Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.uregina.ca/~bayko/>
|
|
John Bayko (Tau)</A>.
|
|
This guide covers unique and representative designs from the
|
|
beginning in the early 1970s until now.
|
|
<!--
|
|
(Also in a possibly older version
|
|
<A HREF=http://infopad.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/archive/cpu_history.html>
|
|
here</A>.)
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pretext.com/mar98/> The
|
|
Hidden History of the Internet</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pretext.com/>
|
|
Pretext Magazine</A>, March 1998.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 96><!12 Feb 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/comphist/>
|
|
History of Computing Information</A> including
|
|
the ENIAC and
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/>
|
|
Historic Computer Images</A> collected by
|
|
<A HREF=http://ftp.arl.mil/~mike/>
|
|
Mike Muuss</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Jan 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.swan.ac.uk/compsci/AllStaff/JVTmore/Teaching/HistoryOfComputation.html>
|
|
History of Computation</A> course by
|
|
Prof. John Tucker, Department of Computer Science,
|
|
University of Wales Swansea.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www2.ncsu.edu/eos/service/bae/www/courses/bae221/jeff/comp_hist.html>
|
|
History of Computers</A> course material from
|
|
North Carolina State University, USA.
|
|
(No hyperlinks.)
|
|
|
|
<!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<!http://www.computer.org/50/history/index.htm>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!16 Apr 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/50/>
|
|
History of Computing</A>
|
|
from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ieee.org/>
|
|
IEEE</A>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/>
|
|
Computer Society</A>.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/50/history/>
|
|
Events in the History of Computing</A> by year,
|
|
including many images and photographs,
|
|
the
|
|
<!4 Feb 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/pubs/computer/timeline/>
|
|
Timeline of Computer History</A>
|
|
(68 page 1.5 Mbyte
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/pubs/computer/timeline/timeline.pdf>
|
|
PDF format file</A>) and
|
|
<A HREF=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~janlee/>
|
|
J.A.N. Lee</A>'s
|
|
<!16 Apr 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/50/looking/>
|
|
looking.back</A> column.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://calypso.cs.uregina.ca/Lecture/>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.uregina.ca/~hoyle/Lecture/>
|
|
History of Computing</A>.
|
|
A lecture prepared by Michelle Hoyle for an introductory Computer
|
|
Science class about the history of computing devices, starting
|
|
from the development of computing and progressing through to
|
|
the late 1980s. Includes colour slides.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://bang.lanl.gov/video/sunedu/computer/comphist.html> The
|
|
History of Computing at Los Alamos</A> including the
|
|
<A HREF=http://bang.lanl.gov/video/sunedu/computer/z1z4.html>
|
|
Z1 to Z4</A> computers designed by
|
|
<A HREF=http://bang.lanl.gov/video/sunedu/computer/zuse.html>
|
|
Konrad Zuse</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!11 Jun 95><!26 Sep 96>
|
|
<!http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/dcs/research/history.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~hoc/>
|
|
History of Computing Research Group</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/>
|
|
Department of Computer Science</A>,
|
|
University of Warwick by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/pub/people/staff/mck/>
|
|
Martin Campbell-Kelly</A> <EM>et al</EM>.
|
|
See also
|
|
<!12 Mar 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/pub/research/history.html>
|
|
research outline</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A NAME=Randell HREF=http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/~brian.randell/home.informal/History/>
|
|
History of Computing</A> list of publications by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/~brian.randell/>
|
|
Prof. Brian Randell</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://info.cs.vt.edu/~history/index.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/> The
|
|
History of Computing</A>, an index of on-line resources by
|
|
<!http://ei.cs.vt.edu/vitae/Lee.html>
|
|
<!http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~janlee/Janlee.html>
|
|
<!14 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~janlee/>
|
|
John A. N. Lee</A>, Editor-in-Chief of the
|
|
<A HREF=#IEEE>
|
|
<EM>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</EM></A>.
|
|
See
|
|
<!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/TMTCTW.html>
|
|
The Machine That Changed the World</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Feb 97><!25 Nov 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://irb.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/hc.html>
|
|
History of Computing</A>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/history/>
|
|
links</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.tu-berlin.de/~zuse/>
|
|
Horst Zuse</A>,
|
|
son of the computer pioneer
|
|
<!http://www.zib-berlin.de/Prospect/zuse.html>
|
|
<A HREF=#Zuse>
|
|
Konrad Zuse</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!30 Oct 96>
|
|
<!http://merchant.reading.ac.uk/Teaching/3CS6Y.htm#History>
|
|
<!1 Dec 97>
|
|
<!http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cs/jaowww/web/teaching/3cs6y.htm#History>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!3 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cs/jaowww/web/teaching/masi/3cs6y.htm#History>
|
|
History of computing: the first 130 years</A>
|
|
from a course on
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cs/teaching/units.html#3/CS/6Y>
|
|
Management and Social Impact of IT</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cs/people/jao/home.html>
|
|
John Ogden</A>, University of Reading, UK.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!21 Sep 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.smileydictionary.com/history.html>
|
|
History of Emoticons</A> from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.smileydictionary.com/>
|
|
Official Smiley Dictionary</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.su.oz.au/Handbook/hb.3.history.html>
|
|
History of the Department</A>, Basser Computing Laboratory,
|
|
University of Sydney, Australia.
|
|
Includes the SILLIAC computer.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!13 Apr 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacsci.org/public/exhibits_online/webmaze/WebHistory.html>
|
|
History of the Internet</A> from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacsci.org/>
|
|
Pacific Science Center</A>, USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Aug 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pbs.org/internet/history/>
|
|
History of the Internet</A>, including an excellent timeline using
|
|
<A HREF=http://java.sun.com/> Java</A>,
|
|
part of
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pbs.org/internet/>
|
|
Life on the Internet</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pbs.org/>
|
|
PBS</A>, USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml> The
|
|
History of the Internet</A> by Dave Kristula.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!18 Oct 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://inventors.about.com/education/sciphys/inventors/library/blcoindex.htm> The
|
|
History of Modern Computers and their Inventors</A> by Mary Bellis.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.par.univie.ac.at/literature/parallel_history.html>
|
|
History of Parallel Computing</A>.
|
|
Chronology of major developments in parallel computing and
|
|
supercomputing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!24 Mar 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://republic.perl.com/history.html>
|
|
History</A> of the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.perl.com/>
|
|
Perl</A> programming langugae.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mader/delta/> The
|
|
History of Project Delta</A>, high school computing
|
|
in the 1960's and 70's, Delaware, USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Aug 95>
|
|
<!http://info.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/History/HIT.html>
|
|
<!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.isoc.org/guest/zakon/Internet/History/HIT.html>
|
|
Hobbes' Internet Timeline</A>
|
|
- important Internet dates and statistics.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Mar 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://reality.sgi.com/daveb/IBM1620/>
|
|
IBM 1620 history site</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.computer.org/history/history.htm>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A NAME=IEEE HREF=http://www.computer.org/history/>
|
|
IEEE Computer Society: A History</A>, USA.
|
|
Publishers of the
|
|
<!http://www.computer.org/pubs/annals/annals.htm>
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A NAME=Annals HREF=http://www.computer.org/annals/>
|
|
<EM>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</EM></A> journal.
|
|
<!9 Jan 97>
|
|
Founded by 1946, the society celebrated its
|
|
<!http://www.computer.org/50/index.htm>
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer.org/50/>
|
|
50th anniversary</A> in 1996.
|
|
<!http://www.computer.org/history/photos/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://cmp-rs.music.uiuc.edu/history/illiac.html>
|
|
ILLIAC I</A>, University of Illinois, USA.
|
|
Includes information on the history of computer music.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!21 Feb 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.bozdoc.f2s.com/history.htm>
|
|
i-MB: The History of Computing</A>, 1937-2000 by period/year.
|
|
The main events in the history of computing.
|
|
(More information for recent years.)
|
|
|
|
<!4 Aug 95>
|
|
<!LI><!20 Nov 95>
|
|
<!http://www.thames.com/history.html>
|
|
<!Internet History>
|
|
<!- a brief list of important dates.>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.archive.org/> The
|
|
Internet Archive</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
See the <A HREF=#WWW>
|
|
WWW History Project</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 Nov 00>
|
|
<A NAME=Zuse HREF=http://www.zib.de/zuse/English_Version/>
|
|
Konrad Zuse Internet Archive</A>.
|
|
(Also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.zib.de/zuse/>
|
|
in German</A>.)
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.apollo.co.uk/a/Lexikon/>
|
|
Lexikon Services Publishing "History of Computing"</A>.
|
|
An electronic 850 page encyclopedia on diskette. Includes
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.apollo.co.uk/a/Lexikon/who-was-first.html>
|
|
A Brief Chronology of Historical Firsts in Computers</A> (1939-1981).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www8.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/html/lisp-enter.html>
|
|
Lisp History</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Feb 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.livinginternet.com/>
|
|
LivingInternet.com</A>,
|
|
a comprehensive online reference source about the Internet.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.llnl.gov/vcm/>
|
|
LLNL Computing: War Stories and Anecdotes</A>
|
|
including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.llnl.gov/vcm/picthist.html>
|
|
Picture History of LLNL Computers</A> from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.llnl.gov/>
|
|
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</A>, California, USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Mar 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://uu-gna.mit.edu:8001/~napoli/LAMBDA/history.html>
|
|
Logic through History</A> - Aristotle to Von Neumann.
|
|
|
|
<!15 Mar 96>
|
|
<!http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/mark1/>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Nov 97>
|
|
<!http://www.computer50.org/mark1/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/>
|
|
50th Anniversary of the First Stored-Program Computer</A>
|
|
(<NOBR>21 June 1998</NOBR>), the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/MarkI.html>
|
|
Manchester Mark 1 Computer</A>,
|
|
including a
|
|
<!http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/mark1/gallery.html>
|
|
<!http://www.computer50.org/mark1/gallery.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/mark1pic.html>
|
|
picture gallery</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.best.com/~thvv/multics.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<!http://www.multicians.org/multics.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.multicians.org/>
|
|
Multics</A>.
|
|
An influential operating system,
|
|
begun in 1965 and still in use today.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.multicians.org/history.html>
|
|
history</A>.
|
|
Also available
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.city.ac.uk/~sh392/multics/multics.html>
|
|
in the UK</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!23 Jun 01>
|
|
<A HREF="http://murl.microsoft.com/">
|
|
Multi-University/Research Laboratory</A> talks at the
|
|
Computer Museum:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://murl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?268">
|
|
Dawn of Electronic Computing, 1935-1945</A>,
|
|
Dr. Gordon Bell
|
|
(1/1/1996)
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://murl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?269">
|
|
The First Computers, 1946-1950</A>,
|
|
Dr. Gordon Bell
|
|
(1/1/1996)
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://murl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?271">
|
|
Stretch: The Technological Link Between Yesterday and Tomorrow</A>,
|
|
Dr. Gordon Bell
|
|
(1/1/1996)
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://murl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?272">
|
|
Design and Use of Colossus</A>,
|
|
Dr. Tom Flowers
|
|
(10/15/1981)
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A HREF="http://murl.microsoft.com/LectureDetails.asp?273">
|
|
Design and Use of Colossus (Part 2)</A>,
|
|
Dr. Tom Flowers
|
|
(10/15/1981)
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!23 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/past-women.html>
|
|
Past Notable Women of Computing</A> including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/ada-lovelace.html>
|
|
Ada Byron King, Countess of Lovelace</A> (1815-1852).
|
|
|
|
<LI><!22 Aug 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/Pegasus/>
|
|
Pegasus</A>, a vintage British computer,
|
|
first produced by Ferranti Ltd in 1956.
|
|
Information by
|
|
<A HREF=http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/lavington.htm>
|
|
Prof. Simon Lavington</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pretext.com/mar98/features/story2.htm> The
|
|
Present at the Creation</A> of the ARPAnet, the precursor of the
|
|
Internet (1969).
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.lysator.liu.se:7500/c/index.html#history>
|
|
Programming in C: History</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!27 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.liii.com/~softlord/comp.html>
|
|
<!16 Sep 96>
|
|
<!http://www.lightening.com/~softlord/comp.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Sep 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.softlord.com/comp/> A
|
|
Short History of the Computer</A> by Jeremy Meyers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Jun 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.studyweb.com/computers/history.htm>
|
|
StudyWeb: Computer Science: History of Computers</A>
|
|
links from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.studyweb.com/>
|
|
StudyWeb</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ozemail.com.au/~bconlon/>
|
|
Totalisator History</A> - an Australian achievement.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Aug 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pbs.org/nerds/>
|
|
Triumph of the Nerds</A>, a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pbs.org/>
|
|
PBS</A> series, including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pbs.org/nerds/timeline/index.html>
|
|
history of the computer</A> timeline.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.reading.ac.uk/cs/welcome/25th/>
|
|
Twenty-Five Years</A> (1971-1996),
|
|
Department of Computer Science, The University of Reading, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Sep 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/>
|
|
UNIVAC<SUP>®</SUP> Memories</A> -
|
|
history of UNIVAC 1100 series mainframes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.govtech.net/gtmag/1998/oct/untangling/untangling.shtm>
|
|
Untangling the Web</A> including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.govtech.net/gtmag/1998/oct/untangling/history.shtm>
|
|
Timeline of Hypertext</A> (3000BC-1996AD)
|
|
by David Aden and John Stanard.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Nov 02>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF=http://echo.gmu.edu/usenet/>
|
|
Usenet history</A> project</A> from
|
|
<A HREF=http://echo.gmu.edu/>
|
|
ECHO</A>: Exploring and Collecting History Online.
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.vrx.net/usenet/history/>
|
|
some history</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.google.com/googlegroups/archive_announce_20.html>
|
|
20 Year Usenet Archive</A> from
|
|
<A HREF=http://group.google.com/>
|
|
Google Groups</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/vintage.htm>
|
|
Vintage Calculators</A> from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dotpoint.com/xnumber/>
|
|
X-Number World of Calculators</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.open.ac.uk/thewebstory/> The
|
|
Webstory.com</A>.
|
|
UK BBC/Open University TV series, 1998.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!29 May 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.peak.org/~wren/computer.html>
|
|
Why Computers are Computers</A>, a book by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.peak.org/~wren/author.html>
|
|
David Rutland</A>, including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.peak.org/~wren/excerpts.html>
|
|
excerpts</A> and some
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.peak.org/~wren/FAQ.html>
|
|
answers to FAQs</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A NAME=WWW HREF=http://www.webhistory.org/> The
|
|
World Wide Web History Project</A> by the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.archive.org/>
|
|
Internet Archive</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!--
|
|
The
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.amdahl.com/internet/events/inet25.html>
|
|
Internet</A> and
|
|
-->
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.amdahl.com/internet/events/unix25.html>
|
|
WWW Hot Topics:
|
|
Unix</A>
|
|
25th Anniversary in 1994.
|
|
<!--
|
|
Both were started in 1969.
|
|
See also
|
|
<!20 Nov 95>
|
|
<!A HREF=gopher://ejde.math.unt.edu/00/pub/articles/arpanet.txt>
|
|
deinstallation</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=museums>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Computer-related museums</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<OL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!13 Dec 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.compustory.com/>
|
|
American Computer Museum</A>, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Sep 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/>
|
|
American University Computing History Museum</A>, Washington DC, USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!7 Feb 96>
|
|
<!http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/CCC/BPark/>
|
|
|
|
<!19 Nov 97>
|
|
<!http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/ccc/bpark/>
|
|
<LI><!29 Jul 01>
|
|
<A NAME=Bletchley HREF=http://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/>
|
|
Bletchley Park Trust</A>, near Milton Keynes, UK.
|
|
"Britain's Best Kept Secret."
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.retrobeep.com/>
|
|
Computer Museum</A>.
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/>
|
|
Codes and Ciphers in the Second World War</A> by Tony Sale
|
|
and the
|
|
<!13 Apr 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.jharper.demon.co.uk/bombe1.htm">
|
|
British Bombe rebuild project</A>.
|
|
<!--
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/ccc/bpark/morebpark.htm>
|
|
what you can see and do</A>
|
|
including the Germany Enigma and Lorenz Cipher machines, the
|
|
<!http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/CCC/BPark/colossus>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/ccc/bpark/colossus.htm>
|
|
Colossus Rebuild Project</A>
|
|
(with photographs).
|
|
<!http://www.aston.ac.uk/~bristojr/bletpark.html>
|
|
-->
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://granite.sentex.net/~ccmuseum/>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sentex.net/ccmuseum/>
|
|
Commercial Computing Museum</A> (Commputerseum), Ontario, Canada.
|
|
Dedicated to the acquisition, preservation, and exhibition of
|
|
artifacts and memorabilia from the commercial use of electronic,
|
|
digital computers. Includes a list of
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sentex.net/ccmuseum/hist_sites.html>
|
|
Computer History Web Sites</A>.
|
|
<! Due to open April 1996.>
|
|
|
|
<!4 Mar 99>
|
|
<!http://www.tcm.org/html/history/>
|
|
<LI><!29 May 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computerhistory.org/> The
|
|
Computer History Museum</A>, Moffett Field, California, USA.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!2 Mar 95><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A NAME=TCM HREF=http://www.tcm.org/tcm/tcm.html> The
|
|
Computer Museum</A>, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
|
|
<!-- The world's foremost museum dedicated to computers, -->
|
|
<!http://www.tcm.org/tcm/collections/history.html>
|
|
Started by
|
|
<!23 Jun 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://americanhistory.si.edu/csr/comphist/olsen.html>
|
|
Ken Olsen</A>, ex-president of
|
|
<!http://www.digital.com/>
|
|
<!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digitalcentury.com/encyclo/update/dec.html>
|
|
Digital Equipment Corporation</A>.
|
|
Part of the
|
|
<!23 Jun 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mos.org/>
|
|
Museum of Science</A> since 1999.
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!http://www.net.org/tcm/exhibits/> <!exhibits>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tcm.org/is/WhatIsInternet.html>
|
|
Internet Sampler</A>, the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tcm.org/is/GoTo/GoWWW.html>
|
|
World Wide Web</A>, and a
|
|
<!23 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tcm.org/tcm/uc/index.html>
|
|
walk-through computer</A>.
|
|
<!11 Jul 97>
|
|
A
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tcm.org/info/press/wpr-silvalley.html>
|
|
History Center</A> is to be established in Silicon Valley, California.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!28 Jun 96>
|
|
<!http://www.wins.uva.nl/museum/>
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.science.uva.nl/museum/>
|
|
Computer Museum</A>, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
|
|
Specializes in scientific and industrial computing.
|
|
Includes electronic calculators, analog computers,
|
|
core memory and paper tape.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Oct 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.virginia.edu/brochure/museum.html>
|
|
Computer Museum</A>,
|
|
Department of Computer Science,
|
|
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
|
|
<!-- School of Engineering and Applied Science, -->
|
|
<!--
|
|
Various computer-related artifacts, both historical and modern,
|
|
from the personal collection of Professor Bill Wulf.
|
|
(Large images.)
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer-museum.org/>
|
|
Computer Museum of America</A>, Coleman College,
|
|
La Mesa, San Diego, California, USA.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer-museum.org/list.html>
|
|
sample collections</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer-museum.org/slides/slides.html>
|
|
The Evolution of Computing</A> slide show.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!20 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/photo/cbi/cray/craymuse.htm> The
|
|
Cray Computer Museum</A>, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, USA.
|
|
(Now dismantled.)
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!29 May 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digibarn.com/> The
|
|
DigiBarn Computer Museum</A>, California, USA.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!10 Mar 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ec-museum.org/>
|
|
Euporean Computer Museum</A>.
|
|
(Currently in Spanish only.)
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!6 Feb 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hnf.de/>
|
|
Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum</A>, Paderborn, Germany.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hnf.de/museum/>
|
|
computer museum</A>.
|
|
(In German.)
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!10 Dec 94>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.osc.on.ca/Exhibits/info-highway.html>
|
|
Information Highway</A> exhibition, at the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.osc.on.ca/>
|
|
Ontario Science Centre</A>, Toronto, Canada.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A NAME=Intel HREF=http://www.intel.com/intel/intelis/museum/> The
|
|
Intel Museum</A>, Santa Clara, California, USA.
|
|
Micro-chips, from the company who manufactured the
|
|
<!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.intel.com/education/mpuworks/>
|
|
first microprocessor</A> in 1971.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!14 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.netaxs.com/people/aca3/COMPUTER.HTM> The
|
|
Lost Museum of Sciences</A>
|
|
Computer Exhibit.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.microsoft.com/museum/>
|
|
Microsoft Museum</A>.
|
|
(Warning: may crash
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.netscape.com/>
|
|
Netscape</A> browsers! ;-)
|
|
|
|
<!23 Sep 96>
|
|
<!http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~hlayer/computer.history.mm.html>
|
|
<!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<!http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~hlayer/mmm.html>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<! May 96>
|
|
<!http://www.lirmm.fr/~dubois/musee.html>
|
|
<!Le Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle Informatique>
|
|
(In French.)
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!17 Jun 97>
|
|
<!http://www.chez.com/samurai/>
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://mo5.com/>
|
|
Musée d'Histoire Informatique</A> (Computer History Museum).
|
|
A virtual museum on personal computers from 1978 onwards,
|
|
by Philippe Dubois.
|
|
See also the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pong-story.com/>
|
|
Pong story</A> on the first video game.
|
|
(In French.)
|
|
|
|
<!17 Jun 97>
|
|
<!http://museu.scue.uevora.pt/>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!26 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.museu.uevora.pt/>
|
|
Museu Virtual da Informática</A>, Portugal.
|
|
A virtual museum including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.museu.uevora.pt/museu.html>
|
|
a number of computers</A> such as the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.museu.uevora.pt/eniac1.html>
|
|
ENIAC</A>.
|
|
(Mostly in Portuguese.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!16 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.museumcomputer.org/>
|
|
Museum of Computer Technology</A>, Denver, Colorado, USA.
|
|
|
|
<!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.teleport.com/~dgh/hpmuseum.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Oct 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hpmuseum.org/>
|
|
Museum of HP Calculators</A> (MoHPC).
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hpmuseum.org/rpn.htm#learn>
|
|
Learn</A> about
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hpmuseum.org/rpn.htm>
|
|
reverse Polish notation</A>!
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
|
|
<LI><!6 Jan 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.isoc.org/museum.html>
|
|
Museum of the Internet</A>, from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.isoc.org/>
|
|
Internet Society</A>. Under development!
|
|
See also the
|
|
<!17 May 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.stupi.se/Internauts/index/internauts.html>
|
|
Internauts Gallery</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Mar 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tno.nl/instit/fel/museum/museumen.html>
|
|
Museum "Waalsdorp"</A>, The Netherlands.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tno.nl/instit/fel/museum/computer/compindx_en.html>
|
|
computer history</A>
|
|
of the <A HREF=http://www.tno.nl/>TNO</A>
|
|
Physics and Electronics Laboratory since 1927.
|
|
Supercomputers, minicomuters, etc., with many photographs.
|
|
(In Dutch and some English.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!15 Apr 98>
|
|
<!http://www.nsa.gov:8080/museum/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nsa.gov/museum/>
|
|
National Cryptologic Museum</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nsa.gov/>
|
|
National Security Agency</A>,
|
|
Maryland, USA.
|
|
See <A HREF=http://www.nsa.gov/museum/tour.html>
|
|
tour of exhibits</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<!http://www.difi.unipi.it/museo/museo.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.difi.unipi.it/museo/calcolat/mnsc.html>
|
|
National Museum of Computing Instruments</A>, Pisa, Italy.
|
|
Includes
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.difi.unipi.it/museo/calcolat/virtual/virtual.html>
|
|
QuickTime VR plugin movies</A>.
|
|
(In Italian.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!16 May 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mnit.org.br/home-i.htm>
|
|
National Museum of Information Technology and Telecommunications</A>,
|
|
Brasília, Brazil.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.hogia.se/pcmuseum/index.html>
|
|
Personal Computer Museum</A>, Stenungsund, Sweden.
|
|
In the Guinness Book of Records because of its collection
|
|
of 250 different personal computers.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.osfn.org/ricm/>
|
|
Rhode Island Computer Museum</A>, USA.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.tecc.co.uk/science_museum/>
|
|
Information Superhighway</A> exhibition,
|
|
held in 1995 at the
|
|
-->
|
|
<LI><!29 May 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/> The
|
|
Science Museum</A>, London, UK.
|
|
See
|
|
<!7 May 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/collections/themes/computing.html>
|
|
Computing and Information Technology</A> collection,
|
|
the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/galleries/computing.html>
|
|
Computing Then and Now</A>
|
|
gallery information
|
|
<!http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/galleries/topobj.html#Babbage>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/on-line/treasure/objects/babb2.htm>
|
|
Babbage's Calculating Engines, 1832-71</A> and the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/on-line/treasure/objects/ace2.htm>
|
|
Pilot ACE 1950</A>.
|
|
<!http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/images/babbage.gif>
|
|
<!17 Oct 95>
|
|
Alternatively, see the
|
|
recommended
|
|
<!http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/galleries/plan/2ndcomp.htm>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/on-line/treasure/plan/2ndcomp.htm>
|
|
Computing Then and Now</A> page from the
|
|
<!http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/galleries/topobj2.htm>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/on-line/treasure/plan/plan.htm>
|
|
Treasures of the Science Museum</A> on-line exhibit.
|
|
See also the recently acquired
|
|
<!16 Sep 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nmsi.ac.uk/review/phillips.htm>
|
|
Phillips Economic Hydraulic Computer</A>,
|
|
first demonstrated at the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.lse.ac.uk/>
|
|
London School of Economics</A> in November 1949.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Aug 95><!18 Oct 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.si.edu/>
|
|
Smithsonian Institution</A>, Washington, USA.
|
|
<!http://www.si.edu/perspect/comphist/computer.htm>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.si.edu/resource/tours/comphist/computer.htm>
|
|
Computer History</A>, including an
|
|
Information Age Tour, the collaborative
|
|
<A HREF=http://innovate.si.edu/>
|
|
Innovation Network</A>, and
|
|
oral/video history interviews with computing personalities.
|
|
See also
|
|
<!4 Oct 98>
|
|
<!http://educate.si.edu/scitech/carbons/start.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://educate.si.edu/scitech/carbons/>
|
|
From Carbons to Computers</A> including links to
|
|
<A HREF=http://educate.si.edu/scitech/carbons/resources.html>
|
|
resources</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.thetech.org/>
|
|
Tech Museum of Innovation</A>, San Jose, California, USA.
|
|
Includes a
|
|
<!19 Jul 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/micro/>
|
|
microelectronics exhibit</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Aug 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.telemuseum.se/>
|
|
Telemuseum</A>, Sweden.
|
|
History of telecommunications.
|
|
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<!19 Sep 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.gateman.com/museum/> The
|
|
Topeka Computing Museum</A>, Kansas, USA.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Nov 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~csclub/museum/homepage.html>
|
|
University of California at Davis Computer Science Museum</A>, USA.
|
|
Includes a
|
|
<A HREF=http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~csclub/museum/timeline.html>
|
|
timeline of computer history</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<!10 Feb 95>
|
|
MIT Center for Educational Computing Initiatives
|
|
Virtual Museum. A prototype on-line multimedia museum.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
</OL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!14 Nov 95>
|
|
See also:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<!14 Nov 95>
|
|
<!http://cbi.itdean.umn.edu/cbi/MUSEUMS.HTM>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><!20 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cbi.umn.edu/museums.htm>
|
|
Museums with significant holdings of computer hardware</A>.
|
|
(Addresses only.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacificrim.net/~mckenzie/museum/oldies&goodies.html>
|
|
The School Museum</A> site, including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacificrim.net/~mckenzie/museum/list.html>
|
|
list of virtual museums</A> produced by schools and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacificrim.net/~mckenzie/museum/resources.html>
|
|
resources</A> on
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacificrim.net/~mckenzie/museum/museums.html>
|
|
building a virtual museum</A>,
|
|
provided by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacificrim.net/~mckenzie/>
|
|
From Now On</A>, The Educational Technology Journal.
|
|
See also an article on
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pacificrim.net/~mckenzie/museum/muse.html>
|
|
Virtual Museums</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<!http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/History/Museums/>
|
|
<LI><!23 Apr 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/History/Museums/>
|
|
Computer museums</A>
|
|
listed by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.yahoo.com/>
|
|
Yahoo</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A NAME=exhibits>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">On-line exhibits and information</H2>
|
|
|
|
The following are virtual museums or exhibitions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.applemuseum.seastar.net/> The
|
|
Apple Museum</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.pronet.no/sverre/poweron/museum.html> The
|
|
Apple / Macintosh Museum</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!18 Apr 98> The
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.best.com/~hmk/atari.htm>
|
|
Atari Exhibit</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mailcom.com/besm6/>
|
|
BESM-6 Nostalgia Page</A>.
|
|
Soviet mainframe computer.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!5 Feb 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.gifford.co.uk/~coredump/uk101.htm>
|
|
Compukit UK101</A>.
|
|
Early UK microcomputer kit.
|
|
|
|
<!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/fms/comp/>
|
|
<!14 Jun 96>
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI><A HREF=http://www.freeflight.com/fms/comp/>
|
|
Computers History and Emulation</A> for various computer systems.
|
|
Includes platforms, consoles, and CPUs.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/pdp8/>
|
|
Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-8</A> index.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!29 Nov 02>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digitalmonalisa.com/>
|
|
Digital Mona Lisa</A>, 1965.
|
|
|
|
<!http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~aakera/www_eniac.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A NAME=ENIAC HREF=http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~museum/>
|
|
Eniac Virtual Museum</A>,
|
|
School of Engineering and Applied Science,
|
|
University of Pennsylvania, USA.
|
|
Celebration of the 50th anniversary of ENIAC in 1996.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!13 May 99>
|
|
<A NAME=EMCST HREF=http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/museum/museum.html>
|
|
European Museum on Computer Science and Technology</A> in Ukraine
|
|
from <A HREF=#ICFCST> ICFCST</A>.
|
|
See the early
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/museum/PHOTOS/BESM.html>
|
|
BESM</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/museum/PHOTOS/MESM.html>
|
|
MESM</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.icfcst.kiev.ua/museum/PHOTOS/SESM.html>
|
|
SESM</A>
|
|
computers.
|
|
(Also in Ukrainian and Russian.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 Sep 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.fee.co.uk/hall.htm>
|
|
Fee Computer Services Museum</A>, UK.
|
|
IBM systems of the 1960s and 1970s (360s and 370s).
|
|
|
|
<!9 Jan 97>
|
|
<!http://www.expa.hvu.nl/ajvdhek/mouse.htm>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Oct 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.expa.hvu.nl/ajvdhek/>
|
|
First Virtual Mousepad Museum</A>, The Netherlands.
|
|
<!--
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.expa.hvu.nl/ajvdhek/mousehis.htm>
|
|
mousepad history</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.expa.hvu.nl/ajvdhek/mousef.htm>
|
|
collection</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Jul 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/about/html/generations.html>
|
|
Generations: Through the History of Computing</A>.
|
|
A virtual tour (1960-1996).
|
|
Transistors, integrated circuits,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/about/html/microprocessors.html>
|
|
microprocessors</A>, etc.
|
|
<!--
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 Apr 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/features/generations/generations.html>
|
|
Generations: The Evolution of Computers</A>.
|
|
An exhibit presented by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/>
|
|
Data General Corporation,
|
|
<A HREF=#Intel>
|
|
Intel Museum</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=#TCM>
|
|
The Computer Museum</A>, including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dg.com/features/generations/tour.html>
|
|
tour</A>.
|
|
Physical version at COMDEX Fall95, UniForum96 and SAPPHIRE96 in Vienna.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jul 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/computer_museum/>
|
|
German Web Computer Museum</A>
|
|
by Clemens Weller, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
|
|
Personal computers, printers, software, etc.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/computer_museum/COLL_CW.HTM>
|
|
computer collections</A>.
|
|
(In German and English.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!28 Apr 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/students/technology/gramgate.htm>
|
|
George Graham and Bill Gates: A Study in Architectural Dominance</A>,
|
|
a virtual exhibition by Jonathan Sills (MSc student),
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/>
|
|
Museum of the History of Science</A>, Oxford, UK.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://pcsupp1.cc.rl.ac.uk/home/chris/hchof/>
|
|
<LI><!29 Nov 02>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.gondolin.org.uk/hchof/>
|
|
Home Computer Hall of Fame</A>.
|
|
<!-- Includes large pictures where available. -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.comcen.com.au/~adavie/javaslide/javaslide.html>
|
|
JavaSlide</A>: the WWW's very first Java Slide Rule.
|
|
|
|
<!14 Nov 95>
|
|
<!http://uptown.turnpike.net/~calc/Calc.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Apr 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.webcom.com/calc/>
|
|
Mechanical Calculating Machines</A>
|
|
by Erez Kaplan, who collects such machines.
|
|
Includes a chronological description, photographs, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~hl/mmm.html>
|
|
Mind Machine Web Museum</A>, a virtual computer history gallery by
|
|
<A HREF=http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~hl/>
|
|
Hal Layer</A>.
|
|
Computers, calculators, games and artifacts.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Jul 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://piano.dsi.uminho.pt/museuv/>
|
|
Museu Virtual de Inform�tica</A>, Portugal.
|
|
(In Portuguese.)
|
|
|
|
<LI><!4 May 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ncsc.dni.us/fun/user/tcc/cmuseum/cmuseum.htm>
|
|
Obsolete Computer Museum</A>.
|
|
Don't throw away your old computer until you have taken a
|
|
photograph of it for this on-line museum.
|
|
|
|
<!2 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.ccil.org/retro/retromuseum.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!24 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://earthspace.net/retro/retromuseum.html> The
|
|
Retrocomputing Museum</A> by Eric Raymond and John Cowan.
|
|
Dedicated to
|
|
<A HREF=http://earthspace.net/retro/retromuseum.html#languages>
|
|
programming languages</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://earthspace.net/retro/retromuseum.html#emulators>
|
|
machine emulators</A>, computer games, etc.
|
|
Includes documentation and example programs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.xs4all.nl/~rvtol/softmus.htm> The
|
|
Software Museum</A>, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
|
|
Early disk software directory listings.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.spreadpoint.com/museum.html>
|
|
Spreadpoint Virtual Museum of Computer Arts</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.spreadpoint.com/sp/the-demos.html>
|
|
Spreadpoint Demos Museum</A>.
|
|
Commodore Amiga computer demonstrations, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.syssrc.com/museum/index.html> The
|
|
System Source Computer Museum</A>.
|
|
Collection of personal computing devices and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.syssrc.com/museum/sims/index.html>
|
|
simulation programs</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://w3.gwis.com/~polivka/994apg.html>
|
|
TI-99/4A Home Computer Page</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!24 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.toggle.com/museum/>
|
|
Toggle Software Mouse Museum</A> by Kevin Morton.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://exo.com/~wts/wts10005.HTM> The
|
|
Virtual Altair Museum</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!19 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/> The
|
|
Virtual Museum of Manchester Computing</A>,
|
|
University of Manchester, UK.
|
|
Includes a (photographic)
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/machines/machines.html>
|
|
machine hall</A>
|
|
(featuring the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/MarkI.html>
|
|
Manchester Mark 1</A>)
|
|
and an excellent on-line
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/library/library.html>
|
|
library</A> presenting many historic publications
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/natletter.html>
|
|
<EM>Electronic Digital Computers</EM></A>,
|
|
a letter to
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nature.com/>
|
|
Nature</A>, September 1948).
|
|
See also the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.computer50.org/>
|
|
50th Anniversary of the First Stored-Program Computer</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!10 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/gender.html>
|
|
Women and Computer Science</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!20 Nov 97>
|
|
<A NAME=personal>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Personal collections</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Mar 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.quiknet.com/~abond/museum.html>
|
|
Aaron's Virtual Computer Museum</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.quiknet.com/~abond/>
|
|
Aaron Bond</A>.
|
|
Microcomputer collection, etc., with photographs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Sep 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://users.pandora.be/lust/>
|
|
Belgian Web Microcomputer Museum</A> by Lucien Stevens, Belgium.
|
|
(In English and Dutch.)
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://users.pandora.be/lust/index1.htm>
|
|
collection</A> including many external links and also other
|
|
<A HREF=http://users.pandora.be/lust/verzamelaars.htm>
|
|
microcomputer collectors</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!26 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.bolo.ch/>
|
|
Bolo's Computer Museum</A>, Lausanne, Switzerland.
|
|
Includes links to
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.bolo.ch/links.html>
|
|
other computer museums on the Web</A>.
|
|
|
|
<!5 Feb 96>
|
|
<!http://www.ultranet.com/~engelbrt/carl/museum/>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Nov 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ultranet.com/~crfriend/museum/>
|
|
Carl Friend's Minicomputer Museum</A>.
|
|
Personal
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ultranet.com/~crfriend/museum/inven.html>
|
|
collection</A> of mainly 16-bit minicomputers,
|
|
especially Data General and Digital.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!5 Feb 96>
|
|
<!http://www.msn.fullfeed.com/~cube/collect.htm>
|
|
<!-- Collecting Old Computers -->
|
|
<!25 Jan 00>
|
|
<!http://members.home.net/thecomputercollection/>
|
|
<LI><!16 Dec 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://webpages.charter.net/thecomputercollection/>
|
|
The Computer Collection</A>
|
|
by Jay Jaeger.
|
|
<A HREF=http://webpages.charter.net/thecomputercollection/collect.htm>
|
|
Virtual tour</A> of personal computer collection
|
|
including IBM, DEC (PDP), DG, HP, microcomputers, etc.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!2 Aug 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.teleport.com/~prp/collect/>
|
|
Computer Collection</A> by Paul Pierce.
|
|
Presents a personal collection of historical computer equipment,
|
|
including mainframes and minicomputers (especially the PDP-8 family).
|
|
|
|
<!15 Jul 98>
|
|
<!http://www.netweb.hu/hamster/decadence/e_index.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!6 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.telnet.hu/hamster/decadence/e_index.html>
|
|
DECadence</A>, a collection of Digital equipment by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.telnet.hu/hamster/english.html>
|
|
Varga Ákos Endre</A>, Hungary.
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.telnet.hu/hamster/pdp-11/>
|
|
PDP-11</A> history page and the
|
|
<!http://www.internetto.hu/muzeum/e_tpa.html>
|
|
<!10 Jan 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.telnet.hu/hamster/tpa/e_index.html>
|
|
KFKI TPA series</A>, Hungarian DEC clone computers.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.homecomputer.de/>
|
|
HCM: The Home Computer Museum</A>, Germany.
|
|
Includes eastern European home computers.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~miwa/>
|
|
John's Computer Collection</A>.
|
|
Mini and micro-computers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/4462/my_computers.html>
|
|
Jonathan Marsters' Computers</A>.
|
|
Various microcomputers.
|
|
|
|
<!10 Aug 96>
|
|
<!http://www.ftech.net/~kevan/collection/>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!15 Jan 98>
|
|
<!http://staff.motiv.co.uk/~kevan/collection/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.heydon.org/kevan/collection/>
|
|
Kevan's Computer Bits...</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.heydon.org/kevan/>
|
|
Kevan Heydon</A>.
|
|
An excellent well-documented personal
|
|
<!http://www.ftech.net/~kevan/collection/items_all.html>
|
|
collection, including
|
|
<!http://www.ftech.net/~kevan/collection/items_computers.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.heydon.org/kevan/collection/prod_computers.html>
|
|
computers, calculators, games and peripherals,
|
|
mostly with photographs.
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.heydon.org/kevan/collection/other_collectors.html>
|
|
other collectors</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~miwa/>
|
|
Mike's Computer Museum</A>
|
|
by Michael Walder, UK.
|
|
PCs and non-PCs. See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~miwa/other.html>
|
|
other computer collections</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Mar 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.comcen.com.au/~adavie/slide/calculator/soviet.html>
|
|
Museum of Soviet Calculators</A>
|
|
by Andrew Davie, Sydney, Australia.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.obsoletecomputermuseum.org/>
|
|
Obsolete Computer Museum</A>
|
|
by Tom Carlson, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA.
|
|
|
|
<!9 Dec 98>
|
|
<!http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7510/>
|
|
<!-- Home Page -->
|
|
<LI><!24 Nov 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.geocities.com/oldcalculators/> The
|
|
Old Calculators Web Museum</A>
|
|
by Rick Bensene, USA.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.geocities.com/oldcalculators/calcs.html>
|
|
collection</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.geocities.com/oldcalculators/links.html>
|
|
other calculator sites</A>.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!23 Feb 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF="http://www.arcula.demon.co.uk/"> The
|
|
Old Computer Hut</A> by Tony Audsley, UK.
|
|
Well-presented personal collection of
|
|
PDP8s, peripherals and some micro-computers.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!29 May 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.damer.com/pictures/elixir/products/star.html>
|
|
Personal Histories of the Desktop User Interface</A> by
|
|
Bruce Damer, USA.
|
|
Xerox Alto, Star 8010 System and Elixir Desktop.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.proweb.co.uk/~sprog/>
|
|
Sprog's Computer Closet</A>
|
|
by Will Williams, UK. A
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.proweb.co.uk/~sprog/collection.htm>
|
|
collection</A> of early home computers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Dec 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://mudhole.spodnet.uk.com/~majik/sinclair/>
|
|
Sinclair MicroComputer Museum</A> by
|
|
<A HREF=http://mudhole.spodnet.uk.com/~majik/>
|
|
Majik</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://home.interpath.net/tcopper/>
|
|
Tom's Classic Computers</A>
|
|
by Tom Copper, Roxboro, North Carolina, USA.
|
|
A large collection of home computers.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://home.interpath.net/tcopper/clinks.htm>
|
|
computer links</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!7 Mar 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sinasohn.com/clascomp/>
|
|
Uncle Roger's Classic Computers</A>
|
|
by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sinasohn.com/uncroger.htm>
|
|
Roger Louis Sinasohn</A>, San Francisco, California, USA.
|
|
Alphabetic listing of mainly home computers.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!2 Feb 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.punch-card.co.uk/>
|
|
Webseen Ltd Computer Museum</A>
|
|
by John Atkinson.
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=newsgroups>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Selected newsgroups</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!14 Jan 98>
|
|
<A HREF=news:alt.folklore.computers>
|
|
Computer folklore</A>
|
|
(also
|
|
<!http://x1.dejanews.com/dnquery.xp?QRY=alt.folklore.computers>
|
|
<!29 Jan 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.deja.com/dnquery.xp?QRY=alt.folklore.computers>
|
|
available via the Web</A>
|
|
from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.deja.com/>
|
|
Deja.com</A>)
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=news:comp.sys.apple2>Apple II</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digital.com/>
|
|
Digital</A> Equipment Corporation
|
|
<A HREF=news:*pdp*>
|
|
PDP series</A>:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=news:alt.sys.pdp8>PDP8</A>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=news:alt.sys.pdp10>PDP10</A>
|
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF=news:alt.sys.pdp11>PDP11</A>
|
|
(see also <A HREF=news:vmsnet.pdp-11>here</A>)
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=news:alt.sys.perq>
|
|
ICL PERQ</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<A HREF=news:comp.sys.sinclair>
|
|
Sinclair</A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
See also:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
<LI>
|
|
All
|
|
<A HREF=news:comp.*>
|
|
computing newsgroups</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!25 May 96>
|
|
<!http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists-f-j/history-of-computing-uk/>
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/history-of-computing-uk.html>
|
|
History of computing in the UK</A> mailing list.
|
|
|
|
<!14 Jan 98>
|
|
<!http://x1.dejanews.com/dnquery.xp?QRY=computer+history>
|
|
<LI><!8 Jun 02>
|
|
Newsgroup articles on
|
|
<A HREF=http://groups.google.com/groups?q=computer+history>
|
|
computer history</A>,
|
|
<A HREF=http://groups.google.com/groups?q=computing+history>
|
|
computing history</A> and the
|
|
<A HREF=http://groups.google.com/groups?q=history+of+computing>
|
|
history of computing</A>
|
|
from
|
|
<!http://www.dejanews.com/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://groups.google.com/>
|
|
Google Groups</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=simulators>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Computer simulators</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 98>
|
|
<A NAME=PDP HREF=ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/sim/>
|
|
DEC PDP</A>
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/sim/sources/>
|
|
simulator sources/documentation</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/sim/software/>
|
|
software</A> by
|
|
Bob Supnik.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.digital.com/DTJN02/DTJN02HM.HTM>
|
|
Preserving Computing's Past: Restoration and Simulation</A>
|
|
by Maxwell M. Burnet and Robert M. Supnik.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dbit.com/>
|
|
Erstz-11 PDP-11 emulator</A> for MS-DOS PCs.
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dbit.com/demo.html>
|
|
Free demo version</A> available for unlimited personal/hobby use.
|
|
See on-line
|
|
<A HREF=telnet://demo.dbit.com/>
|
|
RSX11M+</A> operating system demo.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.uruk.org/~erich/emu/main.html>
|
|
Emulation Software R&D WWW Page</A>.
|
|
Information on CPU and OS (Operating System) emulators.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!24 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://earthspace.net/retro/retromuseum.html#emulators>
|
|
Emulators</A> from
|
|
<A HREF=http://earthspace.net/retro/retromuseum.html>
|
|
The Retrocomputing Museum</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!23 Jan 96>
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.cs.man.ac.uk/pub/CCS-Archive/simulators/>
|
|
Simulators of historic machines</A> in the
|
|
<A HREF=#CCS>CCS</A>
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.cs.man.ac.uk/pub/CCS-Archive/>
|
|
Archive</A> at Manchester, including
|
|
EDSAC, Pegasus, SSEM and Stantec-ZEBRA.
|
|
See
|
|
<A HREF=ftp://ftp.cs.man.ac.uk/pub/CCS-Archive/simulators/00readme.txt>
|
|
overview</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!11 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.syssrc.com/museum/sims/index.html>
|
|
Simulation programs</A> from the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.syssrc.com/museum/index.html>
|
|
System Source Computer Museum</A> including
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.syssrc.com/museum/calccomp/pong/java/pong.html>
|
|
Java Pong</A>
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
and IMSAI / Altair emulators (for PCs).
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nwlink.com/~tigger/altair.html>
|
|
Altair and IMSAI emulators</A> (for PC/Windows) by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.nwlink.com/~tigger/>
|
|
Michael Hyman</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~uae/>
|
|
Amiga Emulator</A>.
|
|
UAE Commodore Amiga software emulation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Sep 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.mailcom.com/besm6/emulnews.shtml>
|
|
BESM-6 Emulator News</A>.
|
|
Soviet mainframe computer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!24 Nov 97>
|
|
<!http://www.ug.cs.su.oz.au/~csir1/intro.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ug.cs.su.oz.au/~csir1/>
|
|
CSIRAC</A> graphical on-line
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ug.cs.su.oz.au/~csir1/FINAL/INPUT/simulate.html>
|
|
simulator</A> written in
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.javasoft.com/>
|
|
Java</A>,
|
|
the
|
|
<A HREF=#CSIRAC>
|
|
first stored-memory electronic computer in Australia</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
<!23 Jan 96>
|
|
<!http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~mck/EdsacWWW/MacEdsac.html>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!2 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~edsac/>
|
|
EDSAC Simulator</A> (for PC and Macintosh) by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~mck/>
|
|
Martin Campbell-Kelly</A>.
|
|
<!22 Apr 99>
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://thor.cam.ac.uk/group/CST1b/echo/>
|
|
Group Echo</A> and
|
|
<A HREF=http://thor.cam.ac.uk/group/CST1b/india/>
|
|
Group India</A>
|
|
EDSAC Java applet simulators produced by students at
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/>
|
|
Cambridge</A> for the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/UoCCL/misc/EDSAC99/>
|
|
50th EDSAC anniversary</A> in 1999.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!17 Aug 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mader/delta/downloadrsts.html>
|
|
RSTS/E</A> operating system simulator for
|
|
<A HREF=#PDP>
|
|
PDP-11s</A> from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mader/delta/>
|
|
Project Delta</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Feb 98>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www2.informatik.uni-halle.de/~thurm/z3/>
|
|
Zuse's Z3 Computer</A>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www2.informatik.uni-halle.de/~thurm/z3/simulation.html>
|
|
simulation</A> (in German, online using Java).
|
|
Off-line version also available.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Feb 97>
|
|
Another
|
|
<A HREF=http://infturing.informatik.uni-halle.de/~rojas/z3/>
|
|
Z3 Computer</A> simulation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!98 Jun 01>
|
|
See also:
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
<LI><!98 Jun 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://jfrace.sourceforge.net/>
|
|
JFraCE</A>, a Java Framework for Computer Emulation
|
|
for simulating old computers.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!98 Jun 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://jfrace.sourceforge.net/appletCPM.html>
|
|
Z80 CP/M microcomputer</A> example applet.
|
|
|
|
<LI><!9 Jun 02>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.dejavu.org/>
|
|
Deju Vu Browser Emulators</A>.
|
|
All your favorite old web browsers!
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=future>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">The future</H2>
|
|
|
|
This section includes information on the future of computing
|
|
and networking.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!12 Jul 95>
|
|
In the future, charging for services with become routine on the
|
|
network. The
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ini.cmu.edu/netbill/>
|
|
NetBill Electronic Commerce Project</A> at
|
|
Carnegie-Mellon University
|
|
includes links to many experiments in the area.
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF=http://birmingham.gov.uk/bank>
|
|
BankNet Electronic Banking Service</A>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!8 Mar 96>
|
|
Increasingly interactive Web pages will become available.
|
|
To facilitate this,
|
|
<A HREF=http://java.sun.com/> Java</A> support
|
|
has been introduced into the recent WWW browsers like
|
|
<A HREF=http://home.netscape.com/>
|
|
<EM>netscape</EM></A>.
|
|
For an excellent example, see the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.npac.syr.edu/projects/vishuman/VisibleHuman.html>
|
|
NPAC Visible Human Viewer</A>. This allows user selectable image
|
|
slices of a human body.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!18 Nov 96>
|
|
<!http://www.zurich.ibm.com/News/Abacus/>
|
|
<LI><!14 Dec 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.research.ibm.com/atomic/nano/roomtemp.html>
|
|
The world's smallest abacus</A> uses individual molecules.
|
|
<!--
|
|
(13 November 1996).
|
|
See an
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.zurich.ibm.com/News/Abacus/abacusmv.html>
|
|
animation</A>.
|
|
-->
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!15 Oct 97>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.gigabit-ethernet.org/>
|
|
Gigabit Ethernet</A> networking.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME=other>
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">Other links</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!1 Jun 95>
|
|
<!http://www.yahoo.com/Computers/History/>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/History/>
|
|
Computers and Internet: History</A> list
|
|
including other
|
|
<!18 Jul 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/History/Museums/>
|
|
museums</A>
|
|
from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.yahoo.com/>
|
|
Yahoo</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!3 Dec 96>
|
|
<!http://www2.evolvingtech.com/etc/museum/>
|
|
<LI><!8 Jan 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.evolvingtech.com/etc/museum/>
|
|
ETC Web Museum</A>, including a
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.evolvingtech.com/etc/museum/qtvr.html>
|
|
VR Hall</A>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!3 Jun 99>
|
|
<!http://search.ebay.com/cgi-bin/texis/ebay/results.html?query=computer&maxRecordsReturned=1000&maxRecordsPerPage=100&SortProperty=MetaEndSort>
|
|
<!http://listings.ebay.com/glistings/list/category1247/index.html>
|
|
<A HREF=http://listings.ebay.com/glistings/list/category1247/>
|
|
Vintage computers</A> for sale from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.ebay.com/>
|
|
eBay</A>.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
<H2 CLASS="list">References</H2>
|
|
|
|
This virtual museum is mentioned in the following locations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!29 Feb 96>
|
|
<A HREF=#Annals>
|
|
<EM>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</EM></A>,
|
|
<B>18</B>(1):65, Spring 1996.
|
|
Also
|
|
<!13 Nov 96>
|
|
<B>18</B>(4):67, October-December 1996.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!27 Feb 96>
|
|
<!A HREF=http://www.pointcom.com/>
|
|
<!ftp://pointcom.com/badges/5percsmt.gif>
|
|
<!IMG SRC=http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/5percsmt.gif ALIGN=right
|
|
ALT="Top 5% Web Site" BORDER=5 WIDTH=52 HEIGHT=51>
|
|
<!http://www.pointcom.com/reviews/2_19_a15.htm>
|
|
<!25 Jun 97>
|
|
<!http://point.lycos.com/reviews/MuseumsandGalleries_3327.html>
|
|
Reviewed by
|
|
<!23 Sep 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://point.lycos.com/categories/>
|
|
Lycos</A>
|
|
<!Point Communications review>
|
|
as a top 5% Web site.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Nov 95>
|
|
<!http://www.discovery.com/DCO/doc/1012/world/technology/internet/weblinks.html>
|
|
Recommended by the
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.discovery.com/> Discovery Channel</A> in
|
|
<!http://www.discovery.com/DCO/doc/1012/world/living/living.html>
|
|
<EM>A History of the Internet</EM>, 1995.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<!29 May 96>
|
|
<!Recommended in the>
|
|
<!http://www.magg.net/~futurekd/hwork.html>
|
|
<!Home Work page of>
|
|
<!http://www.magg.net/~futurekd/>
|
|
<!FutureKids School Technology Programs>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!25 Oct 96>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.newscientist.com/>
|
|
Planet Science</A> Site of the Day, 21 October 1996.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!26 Jan 98>
|
|
<!http://www.iglou.com/bluegrass/bsa/bsa.html#computers>
|
|
Best Site Award from
|
|
<!http://www.iglou.com/bluegrass/bsa/>
|
|
Bookmark Central, January 1998.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!9 Apr 98>
|
|
<!http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/science/sites/tech_10.shtml>
|
|
<LI><!16 Jul 01>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/curriculum/reviews/review_virtmuscomp.html>
|
|
Reviewed</A>
|
|
<!http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/science/approved_tech.shtml>
|
|
by
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/>
|
|
Science NetLinks</A>, May 1998.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><!20 Jan 99>
|
|
<!http://www.anbar.co.uk/coolsite/computing/areas/computing-milieux.htm>
|
|
5 star site under Computing Milieux
|
|
from
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.anbar.co.uk/>
|
|
<!anbar.htm>
|
|
Anbar Electronic Intelligence</A>, January 1999.
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<!10 Mar 03>
|
|
<IMG SRC="New.gif" ALT="(New)" HEIGHT=12 WIDTH=31>
|
|
See also
|
|
<A HREF="http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/History/">
|
|
Computer History</A>
|
|
links from the
|
|
<A HREF="http://directory.google.com/">
|
|
Google Directory</A>.
|
|
<IMG ALT="(Recommended)" SRC="star11t.gif" HEIGHT=11 WIDTH=11>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<BR CLEAR=all>
|
|
|
|
<HR SIZE=10>
|
|
|
|
This virtual museum service is brought to you by
|
|
<!19 Nov 99>
|
|
<A HREF=http://www.jpbowen.com/>
|
|
Jonathan Bowen</A>
|
|
as part of the
|
|
<!http://www.icom.org/vlmp/>
|
|
<!25 Oct 00>
|
|
<A HREF=http://icom.museum/vlmp/>
|
|
Virtual Library museums pages</A> (VLmp), supported by
|
|
<A HREF=http://icom.museum/>
|
|
ICOM</A>.
|
|
|
|
<DIV ALIGN=right>
|
|
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|
|
13 April 2003.
|
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