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varia.website/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/bs4/dammit.py

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Beautiful Soup bonus library: Unicode, Dammit
This library converts a bytestream to Unicode through any means
necessary. It is heavily based on code from Mark Pilgrim's Universal
Feed Parser. It works best on XML and HTML, but it does not rewrite the
XML or HTML to reflect a new encoding; that's the tree builder's job.
"""
# Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license.
__license__ = "MIT"
import codecs
from html.entities import codepoint2name
import re
import logging
import string
# Import a library to autodetect character encodings.
chardet_type = None
try:
# First try the fast C implementation.
# PyPI package: cchardet
import cchardet
def chardet_dammit(s):
if isinstance(s, str):
return None
return cchardet.detect(s)['encoding']
except ImportError:
try:
# Fall back to the pure Python implementation
# Debian package: python-chardet
# PyPI package: chardet
import chardet
def chardet_dammit(s):
if isinstance(s, str):
return None
return chardet.detect(s)['encoding']
#import chardet.constants
#chardet.constants._debug = 1
except ImportError:
# No chardet available.
def chardet_dammit(s):
return None
# Available from http://cjkpython.i18n.org/.
#
# TODO: This doesn't work anymore and the closest thing, iconv_codecs,
# is GPL-licensed. Check whether this is still necessary.
try:
import iconv_codec
except ImportError:
pass
# Build bytestring and Unicode versions of regular expressions for finding
# a declared encoding inside an XML or HTML document.
xml_encoding = '^\\s*<\\?.*encoding=[\'"](.*?)[\'"].*\\?>'
html_meta = '<\\s*meta[^>]+charset\\s*=\\s*["\']?([^>]*?)[ /;\'">]'
encoding_res = dict()
encoding_res[bytes] = {
'html' : re.compile(html_meta.encode("ascii"), re.I),
'xml' : re.compile(xml_encoding.encode("ascii"), re.I),
}
encoding_res[str] = {
'html' : re.compile(html_meta, re.I),
'xml' : re.compile(xml_encoding, re.I)
}
class EntitySubstitution(object):
"""The ability to substitute XML or HTML entities for certain characters."""
def _populate_class_variables():
lookup = {}
reverse_lookup = {}
characters_for_re = []
# &apos is an XHTML entity and an HTML 5, but not an HTML 4
# entity. We don't want to use it, but we want to recognize it on the way in.
#
# TODO: Ideally we would be able to recognize all HTML 5 named
# entities, but that's a little tricky.
extra = [(39, 'apos')]
for codepoint, name in list(codepoint2name.items()) + extra:
character = chr(codepoint)
if codepoint not in (34, 39):
# There's no point in turning the quotation mark into
# &quot; or the single quote into &apos;, unless it
# happens within an attribute value, which is handled
# elsewhere.
characters_for_re.append(character)
lookup[character] = name
# But we do want to recognize those entities on the way in and
# convert them to Unicode characters.
reverse_lookup[name] = character
re_definition = "[%s]" % "".join(characters_for_re)
return lookup, reverse_lookup, re.compile(re_definition)
(CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY, HTML_ENTITY_TO_CHARACTER,
CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE) = _populate_class_variables()
CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY = {
"'": "apos",
'"': "quot",
"&": "amp",
"<": "lt",
">": "gt",
}
BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile("([<>]|"
"&(?!#\\d+;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]+;|\\w+;)"
")")
AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET = re.compile("([<>&])")
@classmethod
def _substitute_html_entity(cls, matchobj):
"""Used with a regular expression to substitute the
appropriate HTML entity for a special character."""
entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY.get(matchobj.group(0))
return "&%s;" % entity
@classmethod
def _substitute_xml_entity(cls, matchobj):
"""Used with a regular expression to substitute the
appropriate XML entity for a special character."""
entity = cls.CHARACTER_TO_XML_ENTITY[matchobj.group(0)]
return "&%s;" % entity
@classmethod
def quoted_attribute_value(self, value):
"""Make a value into a quoted XML attribute, possibly escaping it.
Most strings will be quoted using double quotes.
Bob's Bar -> "Bob's Bar"
If a string contains double quotes, it will be quoted using
single quotes.
Welcome to "my bar" -> 'Welcome to "my bar"'
If a string contains both single and double quotes, the
double quotes will be escaped, and the string will be quoted
using double quotes.
Welcome to "Bob's Bar" -> "Welcome to &quot;Bob's bar&quot;
"""
quote_with = '"'
if '"' in value:
if "'" in value:
# The string contains both single and double
# quotes. Turn the double quotes into
# entities. We quote the double quotes rather than
# the single quotes because the entity name is
# "&quot;" whether this is HTML or XML. If we
# quoted the single quotes, we'd have to decide
# between &apos; and &squot;.
replace_with = "&quot;"
value = value.replace('"', replace_with)
else:
# There are double quotes but no single quotes.
# We can use single quotes to quote the attribute.
quote_with = "'"
return quote_with + value + quote_with
@classmethod
def substitute_xml(cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False):
"""Substitute XML entities for special XML characters.
:param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign
will become &lt;, the greater-than sign will become &gt;,
and any ampersands will become &amp;. If you want ampersands
that appear to be part of an entity definition to be left
alone, use substitute_xml_containing_entities() instead.
:param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be
quoted, as befits an attribute value.
"""
# Escape angle brackets and ampersands.
value = cls.AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub(
cls._substitute_xml_entity, value)
if make_quoted_attribute:
value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value)
return value
@classmethod
def substitute_xml_containing_entities(
cls, value, make_quoted_attribute=False):
"""Substitute XML entities for special XML characters.
:param value: A string to be substituted. The less-than sign will
become &lt;, the greater-than sign will become &gt;, and any
ampersands that are not part of an entity defition will
become &amp;.
:param make_quoted_attribute: If True, then the string will be
quoted, as befits an attribute value.
"""
# Escape angle brackets, and ampersands that aren't part of
# entities.
value = cls.BARE_AMPERSAND_OR_BRACKET.sub(
cls._substitute_xml_entity, value)
if make_quoted_attribute:
value = cls.quoted_attribute_value(value)
return value
@classmethod
def substitute_html(cls, s):
"""Replace certain Unicode characters with named HTML entities.
This differs from data.encode(encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
in that the goal is to make the result more readable (to those
with ASCII displays) rather than to recover from
errors. There's absolutely nothing wrong with a UTF-8 string
containg a LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE, but replacing that
character with "&eacute;" will make it more readable to some
people.
:param s: A Unicode string.
"""
return cls.CHARACTER_TO_HTML_ENTITY_RE.sub(
cls._substitute_html_entity, s)
class EncodingDetector:
"""Suggests a number of possible encodings for a bytestring.
Order of precedence:
1. Encodings you specifically tell EncodingDetector to try first
(the override_encodings argument to the constructor).
2. An encoding declared within the bytestring itself, either in an
XML declaration (if the bytestring is to be interpreted as an XML
document), or in a <meta> tag (if the bytestring is to be
interpreted as an HTML document.)
3. An encoding detected through textual analysis by chardet,
cchardet, or a similar external library.
4. UTF-8.
5. Windows-1252.
"""
def __init__(self, markup, override_encodings=None, is_html=False,
exclude_encodings=None):
"""Constructor.
:param markup: Some markup in an unknown encoding.
:param override_encodings: These encodings will be tried first.
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
it's assumed to be XML.
:param exclude_encodings: These encodings will not be tried, even
if they otherwise would be.
"""
self.override_encodings = override_encodings or []
exclude_encodings = exclude_encodings or []
self.exclude_encodings = set([x.lower() for x in exclude_encodings])
self.chardet_encoding = None
self.is_html = is_html
self.declared_encoding = None
# First order of business: strip a byte-order mark.
self.markup, self.sniffed_encoding = self.strip_byte_order_mark(markup)
def _usable(self, encoding, tried):
"""Should we even bother to try this encoding?
:param encoding: Name of an encoding.
:param tried: Encodings that have already been tried. This will be modified
as a side effect.
"""
if encoding is not None:
encoding = encoding.lower()
if encoding in self.exclude_encodings:
return False
if encoding not in tried:
tried.add(encoding)
return True
return False
@property
def encodings(self):
"""Yield a number of encodings that might work for this markup.
:yield: A sequence of strings.
"""
tried = set()
for e in self.override_encodings:
if self._usable(e, tried):
yield e
# Did the document originally start with a byte-order mark
# that indicated its encoding?
if self._usable(self.sniffed_encoding, tried):
yield self.sniffed_encoding
# Look within the document for an XML or HTML encoding
# declaration.
if self.declared_encoding is None:
self.declared_encoding = self.find_declared_encoding(
self.markup, self.is_html)
if self._usable(self.declared_encoding, tried):
yield self.declared_encoding
# Use third-party character set detection to guess at the
# encoding.
if self.chardet_encoding is None:
self.chardet_encoding = chardet_dammit(self.markup)
if self._usable(self.chardet_encoding, tried):
yield self.chardet_encoding
# As a last-ditch effort, try utf-8 and windows-1252.
for e in ('utf-8', 'windows-1252'):
if self._usable(e, tried):
yield e
@classmethod
def strip_byte_order_mark(cls, data):
"""If a byte-order mark is present, strip it and return the encoding it implies.
:param data: Some markup.
:return: A 2-tuple (modified data, implied encoding)
"""
encoding = None
if isinstance(data, str):
# Unicode data cannot have a byte-order mark.
return data, encoding
if (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xfe\xff') \
and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
encoding = 'utf-16be'
data = data[2:]
elif (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == b'\xff\xfe') \
and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
encoding = 'utf-16le'
data = data[2:]
elif data[:3] == b'\xef\xbb\xbf':
encoding = 'utf-8'
data = data[3:]
elif data[:4] == b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff':
encoding = 'utf-32be'
data = data[4:]
elif data[:4] == b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00':
encoding = 'utf-32le'
data = data[4:]
return data, encoding
@classmethod
def find_declared_encoding(cls, markup, is_html=False, search_entire_document=False):
"""Given a document, tries to find its declared encoding.
An XML encoding is declared at the beginning of the document.
An HTML encoding is declared in a <meta> tag, hopefully near the
beginning of the document.
:param markup: Some markup.
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
it's assumed to be XML.
:param search_entire_document: Since an encoding is supposed to declared near the beginning
of the document, most of the time it's only necessary to search a few kilobytes of data.
Set this to True to force this method to search the entire document.
"""
if search_entire_document:
xml_endpos = html_endpos = len(markup)
else:
xml_endpos = 1024
html_endpos = max(2048, int(len(markup) * 0.05))
if isinstance(markup, bytes):
res = encoding_res[bytes]
else:
res = encoding_res[str]
xml_re = res['xml']
html_re = res['html']
declared_encoding = None
declared_encoding_match = xml_re.search(markup, endpos=xml_endpos)
if not declared_encoding_match and is_html:
declared_encoding_match = html_re.search(markup, endpos=html_endpos)
if declared_encoding_match is not None:
declared_encoding = declared_encoding_match.groups()[0]
if declared_encoding:
if isinstance(declared_encoding, bytes):
declared_encoding = declared_encoding.decode('ascii', 'replace')
return declared_encoding.lower()
return None
class UnicodeDammit:
"""A class for detecting the encoding of a *ML document and
converting it to a Unicode string. If the source encoding is
windows-1252, can replace MS smart quotes with their HTML or XML
equivalents."""
# This dictionary maps commonly seen values for "charset" in HTML
# meta tags to the corresponding Python codec names. It only covers
# values that aren't in Python's aliases and can't be determined
# by the heuristics in find_codec.
CHARSET_ALIASES = {"macintosh": "mac-roman",
"x-sjis": "shift-jis"}
ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES = [
"windows-1252",
"iso-8859-1",
"iso-8859-2",
]
def __init__(self, markup, override_encodings=[],
smart_quotes_to=None, is_html=False, exclude_encodings=[]):
"""Constructor.
:param markup: A bytestring representing markup in an unknown encoding.
:param override_encodings: These encodings will be tried first,
before any sniffing code is run.
:param smart_quotes_to: By default, Microsoft smart quotes will, like all other characters, be converted
to Unicode characters. Setting this to 'ascii' will convert them to ASCII quotes instead.
Setting it to 'xml' will convert them to XML entity references, and setting it to 'html'
will convert them to HTML entity references.
:param is_html: If True, this markup is considered to be HTML. Otherwise
it's assumed to be XML.
:param exclude_encodings: These encodings will not be considered, even
if the sniffing code thinks they might make sense.
"""
self.smart_quotes_to = smart_quotes_to
self.tried_encodings = []
self.contains_replacement_characters = False
self.is_html = is_html
self.log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
self.detector = EncodingDetector(
markup, override_encodings, is_html, exclude_encodings)
# Short-circuit if the data is in Unicode to begin with.
if isinstance(markup, str) or markup == '':
self.markup = markup
self.unicode_markup = str(markup)
self.original_encoding = None
return
# The encoding detector may have stripped a byte-order mark.
# Use the stripped markup from this point on.
self.markup = self.detector.markup
u = None
for encoding in self.detector.encodings:
markup = self.detector.markup
u = self._convert_from(encoding)
if u is not None:
break
if not u:
# None of the encodings worked. As an absolute last resort,
# try them again with character replacement.
for encoding in self.detector.encodings:
if encoding != "ascii":
u = self._convert_from(encoding, "replace")
if u is not None:
self.log.warning(
"Some characters could not be decoded, and were "
"replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER."
)
self.contains_replacement_characters = True
break
# If none of that worked, we could at this point force it to
# ASCII, but that would destroy so much data that I think
# giving up is better.
self.unicode_markup = u
if not u:
self.original_encoding = None
def _sub_ms_char(self, match):
"""Changes a MS smart quote character to an XML or HTML
entity, or an ASCII character."""
orig = match.group(1)
if self.smart_quotes_to == 'ascii':
sub = self.MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII.get(orig).encode()
else:
sub = self.MS_CHARS.get(orig)
if type(sub) == tuple:
if self.smart_quotes_to == 'xml':
sub = '&#x'.encode() + sub[1].encode() + ';'.encode()
else:
sub = '&'.encode() + sub[0].encode() + ';'.encode()
else:
sub = sub.encode()
return sub
def _convert_from(self, proposed, errors="strict"):
"""Attempt to convert the markup to the proposed encoding.
:param proposed: The name of a character encoding.
"""
proposed = self.find_codec(proposed)
if not proposed or (proposed, errors) in self.tried_encodings:
return None
self.tried_encodings.append((proposed, errors))
markup = self.markup
# Convert smart quotes to HTML if coming from an encoding
# that might have them.
if (self.smart_quotes_to is not None
and proposed in self.ENCODINGS_WITH_SMART_QUOTES):
smart_quotes_re = b"([\x80-\x9f])"
smart_quotes_compiled = re.compile(smart_quotes_re)
markup = smart_quotes_compiled.sub(self._sub_ms_char, markup)
try:
#print("Trying to convert document to %s (errors=%s)" % (
# proposed, errors))
u = self._to_unicode(markup, proposed, errors)
self.markup = u
self.original_encoding = proposed
except Exception as e:
#print("That didn't work!")
#print(e)
return None
#print("Correct encoding: %s" % proposed)
return self.markup
def _to_unicode(self, data, encoding, errors="strict"):
"""Given a string and its encoding, decodes the string into Unicode.
:param encoding: The name of an encoding.
"""
return str(data, encoding, errors)
@property
def declared_html_encoding(self):
"""If the markup is an HTML document, returns the encoding declared _within_
the document.
"""
if not self.is_html:
return None
return self.detector.declared_encoding
def find_codec(self, charset):
"""Convert the name of a character set to a codec name.
:param charset: The name of a character set.
:return: The name of a codec.
"""
value = (self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset))
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "")))
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "_")))
or (charset and charset.lower())
or charset
)
if value:
return value.lower()
return None
def _codec(self, charset):
if not charset:
return charset
codec = None
try:
codecs.lookup(charset)
codec = charset
except (LookupError, ValueError):
pass
return codec
# A partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to HTML entities/XML numeric entities.
MS_CHARS = {b'\x80': ('euro', '20AC'),
b'\x81': ' ',
b'\x82': ('sbquo', '201A'),
b'\x83': ('fnof', '192'),
b'\x84': ('bdquo', '201E'),
b'\x85': ('hellip', '2026'),
b'\x86': ('dagger', '2020'),
b'\x87': ('Dagger', '2021'),
b'\x88': ('circ', '2C6'),
b'\x89': ('permil', '2030'),
b'\x8A': ('Scaron', '160'),
b'\x8B': ('lsaquo', '2039'),
b'\x8C': ('OElig', '152'),
b'\x8D': '?',
b'\x8E': ('#x17D', '17D'),
b'\x8F': '?',
b'\x90': '?',
b'\x91': ('lsquo', '2018'),
b'\x92': ('rsquo', '2019'),
b'\x93': ('ldquo', '201C'),
b'\x94': ('rdquo', '201D'),
b'\x95': ('bull', '2022'),
b'\x96': ('ndash', '2013'),
b'\x97': ('mdash', '2014'),
b'\x98': ('tilde', '2DC'),
b'\x99': ('trade', '2122'),
b'\x9a': ('scaron', '161'),
b'\x9b': ('rsaquo', '203A'),
b'\x9c': ('oelig', '153'),
b'\x9d': '?',
b'\x9e': ('#x17E', '17E'),
b'\x9f': ('Yuml', ''),}
# A parochial partial mapping of ISO-Latin-1 to ASCII. Contains
# horrors like stripping diacritical marks to turn á into a, but also
# contains non-horrors like turning “ into ".
MS_CHARS_TO_ASCII = {
b'\x80' : 'EUR',
b'\x81' : ' ',
b'\x82' : ',',
b'\x83' : 'f',
b'\x84' : ',,',
b'\x85' : '...',
b'\x86' : '+',
b'\x87' : '++',
b'\x88' : '^',
b'\x89' : '%',
b'\x8a' : 'S',
b'\x8b' : '<',
b'\x8c' : 'OE',
b'\x8d' : '?',
b'\x8e' : 'Z',
b'\x8f' : '?',
b'\x90' : '?',
b'\x91' : "'",
b'\x92' : "'",
b'\x93' : '"',
b'\x94' : '"',
b'\x95' : '*',
b'\x96' : '-',
b'\x97' : '--',
b'\x98' : '~',
b'\x99' : '(TM)',
b'\x9a' : 's',
b'\x9b' : '>',
b'\x9c' : 'oe',
b'\x9d' : '?',
b'\x9e' : 'z',
b'\x9f' : 'Y',
b'\xa0' : ' ',
b'\xa1' : '!',
b'\xa2' : 'c',
b'\xa3' : 'GBP',
b'\xa4' : '$', #This approximation is especially parochial--this is the
#generic currency symbol.
b'\xa5' : 'YEN',
b'\xa6' : '|',
b'\xa7' : 'S',
b'\xa8' : '..',
b'\xa9' : '',
b'\xaa' : '(th)',
b'\xab' : '<<',
b'\xac' : '!',
b'\xad' : ' ',
b'\xae' : '(R)',
b'\xaf' : '-',
b'\xb0' : 'o',
b'\xb1' : '+-',
b'\xb2' : '2',
b'\xb3' : '3',
b'\xb4' : ("'", 'acute'),
b'\xb5' : 'u',
b'\xb6' : 'P',
b'\xb7' : '*',
b'\xb8' : ',',
b'\xb9' : '1',
b'\xba' : '(th)',
b'\xbb' : '>>',
b'\xbc' : '1/4',
b'\xbd' : '1/2',
b'\xbe' : '3/4',
b'\xbf' : '?',
b'\xc0' : 'A',
b'\xc1' : 'A',
b'\xc2' : 'A',
b'\xc3' : 'A',
b'\xc4' : 'A',
b'\xc5' : 'A',
b'\xc6' : 'AE',
b'\xc7' : 'C',
b'\xc8' : 'E',
b'\xc9' : 'E',
b'\xca' : 'E',
b'\xcb' : 'E',
b'\xcc' : 'I',
b'\xcd' : 'I',
b'\xce' : 'I',
b'\xcf' : 'I',
b'\xd0' : 'D',
b'\xd1' : 'N',
b'\xd2' : 'O',
b'\xd3' : 'O',
b'\xd4' : 'O',
b'\xd5' : 'O',
b'\xd6' : 'O',
b'\xd7' : '*',
b'\xd8' : 'O',
b'\xd9' : 'U',
b'\xda' : 'U',
b'\xdb' : 'U',
b'\xdc' : 'U',
b'\xdd' : 'Y',
b'\xde' : 'b',
b'\xdf' : 'B',
b'\xe0' : 'a',
b'\xe1' : 'a',
b'\xe2' : 'a',
b'\xe3' : 'a',
b'\xe4' : 'a',
b'\xe5' : 'a',
b'\xe6' : 'ae',
b'\xe7' : 'c',
b'\xe8' : 'e',
b'\xe9' : 'e',
b'\xea' : 'e',
b'\xeb' : 'e',
b'\xec' : 'i',
b'\xed' : 'i',
b'\xee' : 'i',
b'\xef' : 'i',
b'\xf0' : 'o',
b'\xf1' : 'n',
b'\xf2' : 'o',
b'\xf3' : 'o',
b'\xf4' : 'o',
b'\xf5' : 'o',
b'\xf6' : 'o',
b'\xf7' : '/',
b'\xf8' : 'o',
b'\xf9' : 'u',
b'\xfa' : 'u',
b'\xfb' : 'u',
b'\xfc' : 'u',
b'\xfd' : 'y',
b'\xfe' : 'b',
b'\xff' : 'y',
}
# A map used when removing rogue Windows-1252/ISO-8859-1
# characters in otherwise UTF-8 documents.
#
# Note that \x81, \x8d, \x8f, \x90, and \x9d are undefined in
# Windows-1252.
WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8 = {
0x80 : b'\xe2\x82\xac', # €
0x82 : b'\xe2\x80\x9a', # ‚
0x83 : b'\xc6\x92', # ƒ
0x84 : b'\xe2\x80\x9e', # „
0x85 : b'\xe2\x80\xa6', # …
0x86 : b'\xe2\x80\xa0', # †
0x87 : b'\xe2\x80\xa1', # ‡
0x88 : b'\xcb\x86', # ˆ
0x89 : b'\xe2\x80\xb0', # ‰
0x8a : b'\xc5\xa0', # Š
0x8b : b'\xe2\x80\xb9', # ‹
0x8c : b'\xc5\x92', # Œ
0x8e : b'\xc5\xbd', # Ž
0x91 : b'\xe2\x80\x98', # ‘
0x92 : b'\xe2\x80\x99', # ’
0x93 : b'\xe2\x80\x9c', # “
0x94 : b'\xe2\x80\x9d', # ”
0x95 : b'\xe2\x80\xa2', # •
0x96 : b'\xe2\x80\x93', # –
0x97 : b'\xe2\x80\x94', # —
0x98 : b'\xcb\x9c', # ˜
0x99 : b'\xe2\x84\xa2', # ™
0x9a : b'\xc5\xa1', # š
0x9b : b'\xe2\x80\xba', # ›
0x9c : b'\xc5\x93', # œ
0x9e : b'\xc5\xbe', # ž
0x9f : b'\xc5\xb8', # Ÿ
0xa0 : b'\xc2\xa0', #  
0xa1 : b'\xc2\xa1', # ¡
0xa2 : b'\xc2\xa2', # ¢
0xa3 : b'\xc2\xa3', # £
0xa4 : b'\xc2\xa4', # ¤
0xa5 : b'\xc2\xa5', # ¥
0xa6 : b'\xc2\xa6', # ¦
0xa7 : b'\xc2\xa7', # §
0xa8 : b'\xc2\xa8', # ¨
0xa9 : b'\xc2\xa9', # ©
0xaa : b'\xc2\xaa', # ª
0xab : b'\xc2\xab', # «
0xac : b'\xc2\xac', # ¬
0xad : b'\xc2\xad', # ­
0xae : b'\xc2\xae', # ®
0xaf : b'\xc2\xaf', # ¯
0xb0 : b'\xc2\xb0', # °
0xb1 : b'\xc2\xb1', # ±
0xb2 : b'\xc2\xb2', # ²
0xb3 : b'\xc2\xb3', # ³
0xb4 : b'\xc2\xb4', # ´
0xb5 : b'\xc2\xb5', # µ
0xb6 : b'\xc2\xb6', # ¶
0xb7 : b'\xc2\xb7', # ·
0xb8 : b'\xc2\xb8', # ¸
0xb9 : b'\xc2\xb9', # ¹
0xba : b'\xc2\xba', # º
0xbb : b'\xc2\xbb', # »
0xbc : b'\xc2\xbc', # ¼
0xbd : b'\xc2\xbd', # ½
0xbe : b'\xc2\xbe', # ¾
0xbf : b'\xc2\xbf', # ¿
0xc0 : b'\xc3\x80', # À
0xc1 : b'\xc3\x81', # Á
0xc2 : b'\xc3\x82', # Â
0xc3 : b'\xc3\x83', # Ã
0xc4 : b'\xc3\x84', # Ä
0xc5 : b'\xc3\x85', # Å
0xc6 : b'\xc3\x86', # Æ
0xc7 : b'\xc3\x87', # Ç
0xc8 : b'\xc3\x88', # È
0xc9 : b'\xc3\x89', # É
0xca : b'\xc3\x8a', # Ê
0xcb : b'\xc3\x8b', # Ë
0xcc : b'\xc3\x8c', # Ì
0xcd : b'\xc3\x8d', # Í
0xce : b'\xc3\x8e', # Î
0xcf : b'\xc3\x8f', # Ï
0xd0 : b'\xc3\x90', # Ð
0xd1 : b'\xc3\x91', # Ñ
0xd2 : b'\xc3\x92', # Ò
0xd3 : b'\xc3\x93', # Ó
0xd4 : b'\xc3\x94', # Ô
0xd5 : b'\xc3\x95', # Õ
0xd6 : b'\xc3\x96', # Ö
0xd7 : b'\xc3\x97', # ×
0xd8 : b'\xc3\x98', # Ø
0xd9 : b'\xc3\x99', # Ù
0xda : b'\xc3\x9a', # Ú
0xdb : b'\xc3\x9b', # Û
0xdc : b'\xc3\x9c', # Ü
0xdd : b'\xc3\x9d', # Ý
0xde : b'\xc3\x9e', # Þ
0xdf : b'\xc3\x9f', # ß
0xe0 : b'\xc3\xa0', # à
0xe1 : b'\xa1', # á
0xe2 : b'\xc3\xa2', # â
0xe3 : b'\xc3\xa3', # ã
0xe4 : b'\xc3\xa4', # ä
0xe5 : b'\xc3\xa5', # å
0xe6 : b'\xc3\xa6', # æ
0xe7 : b'\xc3\xa7', # ç
0xe8 : b'\xc3\xa8', # è
0xe9 : b'\xc3\xa9', # é
0xea : b'\xc3\xaa', # ê
0xeb : b'\xc3\xab', # ë
0xec : b'\xc3\xac', # ì
0xed : b'\xc3\xad', # í
0xee : b'\xc3\xae', # î
0xef : b'\xc3\xaf', # ï
0xf0 : b'\xc3\xb0', # ð
0xf1 : b'\xc3\xb1', # ñ
0xf2 : b'\xc3\xb2', # ò
0xf3 : b'\xc3\xb3', # ó
0xf4 : b'\xc3\xb4', # ô
0xf5 : b'\xc3\xb5', # õ
0xf6 : b'\xc3\xb6', # ö
0xf7 : b'\xc3\xb7', # ÷
0xf8 : b'\xc3\xb8', # ø
0xf9 : b'\xc3\xb9', # ù
0xfa : b'\xc3\xba', # ú
0xfb : b'\xc3\xbb', # û
0xfc : b'\xc3\xbc', # ü
0xfd : b'\xc3\xbd', # ý
0xfe : b'\xc3\xbe', # þ
}
MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES = [
(0xc2, 0xdf, 2), # 2-byte characters start with a byte C2-DF
(0xe0, 0xef, 3), # 3-byte characters start with E0-EF
(0xf0, 0xf4, 4), # 4-byte characters start with F0-F4
]
FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[0][0]
LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER = MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES[-1][1]
@classmethod
def detwingle(cls, in_bytes, main_encoding="utf8",
embedded_encoding="windows-1252"):
"""Fix characters from one encoding embedded in some other encoding.
Currently the only situation supported is Windows-1252 (or its
subset ISO-8859-1), embedded in UTF-8.
:param in_bytes: A bytestring that you suspect contains
characters from multiple encodings. Note that this _must_
be a bytestring. If you've already converted the document
to Unicode, you're too late.
:param main_encoding: The primary encoding of `in_bytes`.
:param embedded_encoding: The encoding that was used to embed characters
in the main document.
:return: A bytestring in which `embedded_encoding`
characters have been converted to their `main_encoding`
equivalents.
"""
if embedded_encoding.replace('_', '-').lower() not in (
'windows-1252', 'windows_1252'):
raise NotImplementedError(
"Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-1 are the only currently supported "
"embedded encodings.")
if main_encoding.lower() not in ('utf8', 'utf-8'):
raise NotImplementedError(
"UTF-8 is the only currently supported main encoding.")
byte_chunks = []
chunk_start = 0
pos = 0
while pos < len(in_bytes):
byte = in_bytes[pos]
if not isinstance(byte, int):
# Python 2.x
byte = ord(byte)
if (byte >= cls.FIRST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER
and byte <= cls.LAST_MULTIBYTE_MARKER):
# This is the start of a UTF-8 multibyte character. Skip
# to the end.
for start, end, size in cls.MULTIBYTE_MARKERS_AND_SIZES:
if byte >= start and byte <= end:
pos += size
break
elif byte >= 0x80 and byte in cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8:
# We found a Windows-1252 character!
# Save the string up to this point as a chunk.
byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:pos])
# Now translate the Windows-1252 character into UTF-8
# and add it as another, one-byte chunk.
byte_chunks.append(cls.WINDOWS_1252_TO_UTF8[byte])
pos += 1
chunk_start = pos
else:
# Go on to the next character.
pos += 1
if chunk_start == 0:
# The string is unchanged.
return in_bytes
else:
# Store the final chunk.
byte_chunks.append(in_bytes[chunk_start:])
return b''.join(byte_chunks)