559 lines
18 KiB
Python
559 lines
18 KiB
Python
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#
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# The Python Imaging Library.
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# $Id$
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#
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# standard image operations
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#
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# History:
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# 2001-10-20 fl Created
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# 2001-10-23 fl Added autocontrast operator
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# 2001-12-18 fl Added Kevin's fit operator
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# 2004-03-14 fl Fixed potential division by zero in equalize
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# 2005-05-05 fl Fixed equalize for low number of values
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Secret Labs AB
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# Copyright (c) 2001-2004 by Fredrik Lundh
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#
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# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
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#
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import functools
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import operator
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from . import Image
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#
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# helpers
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def _border(border):
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if isinstance(border, tuple):
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if len(border) == 2:
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left, top = right, bottom = border
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elif len(border) == 4:
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left, top, right, bottom = border
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else:
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left = top = right = bottom = border
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return left, top, right, bottom
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def _color(color, mode):
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if isinstance(color, str):
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from . import ImageColor
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color = ImageColor.getcolor(color, mode)
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return color
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def _lut(image, lut):
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if image.mode == "P":
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# FIXME: apply to lookup table, not image data
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raise NotImplementedError("mode P support coming soon")
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elif image.mode in ("L", "RGB"):
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if image.mode == "RGB" and len(lut) == 256:
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lut = lut + lut + lut
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return image.point(lut)
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else:
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raise OSError("not supported for this image mode")
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#
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# actions
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def autocontrast(image, cutoff=0, ignore=None, mask=None):
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"""
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Maximize (normalize) image contrast. This function calculates a
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histogram of the input image (or mask region), removes ``cutoff`` percent of the
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lightest and darkest pixels from the histogram, and remaps the image
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so that the darkest pixel becomes black (0), and the lightest
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becomes white (255).
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:param image: The image to process.
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:param cutoff: The percent to cut off from the histogram on the low and
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high ends. Either a tuple of (low, high), or a single
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number for both.
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:param ignore: The background pixel value (use None for no background).
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:param mask: Histogram used in contrast operation is computed using pixels
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within the mask. If no mask is given the entire image is used
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for histogram computation.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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histogram = image.histogram(mask)
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lut = []
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for layer in range(0, len(histogram), 256):
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h = histogram[layer : layer + 256]
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if ignore is not None:
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# get rid of outliers
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try:
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h[ignore] = 0
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except TypeError:
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# assume sequence
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for ix in ignore:
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h[ix] = 0
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if cutoff:
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# cut off pixels from both ends of the histogram
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if not isinstance(cutoff, tuple):
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cutoff = (cutoff, cutoff)
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# get number of pixels
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n = 0
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for ix in range(256):
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n = n + h[ix]
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# remove cutoff% pixels from the low end
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cut = n * cutoff[0] // 100
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for lo in range(256):
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if cut > h[lo]:
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cut = cut - h[lo]
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h[lo] = 0
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else:
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h[lo] -= cut
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cut = 0
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if cut <= 0:
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break
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# remove cutoff% samples from the high end
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cut = n * cutoff[1] // 100
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for hi in range(255, -1, -1):
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if cut > h[hi]:
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cut = cut - h[hi]
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h[hi] = 0
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else:
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h[hi] -= cut
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cut = 0
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if cut <= 0:
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break
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# find lowest/highest samples after preprocessing
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for lo in range(256):
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if h[lo]:
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break
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for hi in range(255, -1, -1):
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if h[hi]:
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break
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if hi <= lo:
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# don't bother
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lut.extend(list(range(256)))
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else:
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scale = 255.0 / (hi - lo)
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offset = -lo * scale
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for ix in range(256):
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ix = int(ix * scale + offset)
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if ix < 0:
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ix = 0
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elif ix > 255:
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ix = 255
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lut.append(ix)
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return _lut(image, lut)
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def colorize(image, black, white, mid=None, blackpoint=0, whitepoint=255, midpoint=127):
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"""
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Colorize grayscale image.
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This function calculates a color wedge which maps all black pixels in
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the source image to the first color and all white pixels to the
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second color. If ``mid`` is specified, it uses three-color mapping.
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The ``black`` and ``white`` arguments should be RGB tuples or color names;
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optionally you can use three-color mapping by also specifying ``mid``.
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Mapping positions for any of the colors can be specified
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(e.g. ``blackpoint``), where these parameters are the integer
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value corresponding to where the corresponding color should be mapped.
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These parameters must have logical order, such that
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``blackpoint <= midpoint <= whitepoint`` (if ``mid`` is specified).
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:param image: The image to colorize.
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:param black: The color to use for black input pixels.
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:param white: The color to use for white input pixels.
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:param mid: The color to use for midtone input pixels.
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:param blackpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the black mapping.
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:param whitepoint: an int value [0, 255] for the white mapping.
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:param midpoint: an int value [0, 255] for the midtone mapping.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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# Initial asserts
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assert image.mode == "L"
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if mid is None:
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assert 0 <= blackpoint <= whitepoint <= 255
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else:
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assert 0 <= blackpoint <= midpoint <= whitepoint <= 255
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# Define colors from arguments
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black = _color(black, "RGB")
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white = _color(white, "RGB")
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if mid is not None:
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mid = _color(mid, "RGB")
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# Empty lists for the mapping
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red = []
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green = []
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blue = []
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# Create the low-end values
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for i in range(0, blackpoint):
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red.append(black[0])
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green.append(black[1])
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blue.append(black[2])
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# Create the mapping (2-color)
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if mid is None:
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range_map = range(0, whitepoint - blackpoint)
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for i in range_map:
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red.append(black[0] + i * (white[0] - black[0]) // len(range_map))
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green.append(black[1] + i * (white[1] - black[1]) // len(range_map))
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blue.append(black[2] + i * (white[2] - black[2]) // len(range_map))
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# Create the mapping (3-color)
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else:
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range_map1 = range(0, midpoint - blackpoint)
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range_map2 = range(0, whitepoint - midpoint)
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for i in range_map1:
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red.append(black[0] + i * (mid[0] - black[0]) // len(range_map1))
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green.append(black[1] + i * (mid[1] - black[1]) // len(range_map1))
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blue.append(black[2] + i * (mid[2] - black[2]) // len(range_map1))
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for i in range_map2:
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red.append(mid[0] + i * (white[0] - mid[0]) // len(range_map2))
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green.append(mid[1] + i * (white[1] - mid[1]) // len(range_map2))
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blue.append(mid[2] + i * (white[2] - mid[2]) // len(range_map2))
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# Create the high-end values
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for i in range(0, 256 - whitepoint):
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red.append(white[0])
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green.append(white[1])
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blue.append(white[2])
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# Return converted image
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image = image.convert("RGB")
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return _lut(image, red + green + blue)
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def pad(image, size, method=Image.BICUBIC, color=None, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
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"""
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Returns a sized and padded version of the image, expanded to fill the
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requested aspect ratio and size.
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:param image: The image to size and crop.
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:param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a
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(width, height) tuple.
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:param method: What resampling method to use. Default is
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:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
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:param color: The background color of the padded image.
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:param centering: Control the position of the original image within the
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padded version.
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(0.5, 0.5) will keep the image centered
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(0, 0) will keep the image aligned to the top left
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(1, 1) will keep the image aligned to the bottom
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right
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:return: An image.
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"""
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im_ratio = image.width / image.height
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dest_ratio = size[0] / size[1]
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if im_ratio == dest_ratio:
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out = image.resize(size, resample=method)
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else:
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out = Image.new(image.mode, size, color)
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if im_ratio > dest_ratio:
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new_height = int(image.height / image.width * size[0])
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if new_height != size[1]:
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image = image.resize((size[0], new_height), resample=method)
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y = int((size[1] - new_height) * max(0, min(centering[1], 1)))
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out.paste(image, (0, y))
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else:
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new_width = int(image.width / image.height * size[1])
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if new_width != size[0]:
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image = image.resize((new_width, size[1]), resample=method)
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x = int((size[0] - new_width) * max(0, min(centering[0], 1)))
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out.paste(image, (x, 0))
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return out
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def crop(image, border=0):
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"""
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Remove border from image. The same amount of pixels are removed
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from all four sides. This function works on all image modes.
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.. seealso:: :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.crop`
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:param image: The image to crop.
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:param border: The number of pixels to remove.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
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return image.crop((left, top, image.size[0] - right, image.size[1] - bottom))
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def scale(image, factor, resample=Image.BICUBIC):
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"""
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Returns a rescaled image by a specific factor given in parameter.
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A factor greater than 1 expands the image, between 0 and 1 contracts the
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image.
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:param image: The image to rescale.
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:param factor: The expansion factor, as a float.
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:param resample: What resampling method to use. Default is
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:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
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:returns: An :py:class:`~PIL.Image.Image` object.
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"""
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if factor == 1:
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return image.copy()
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elif factor <= 0:
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raise ValueError("the factor must be greater than 0")
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else:
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size = (round(factor * image.width), round(factor * image.height))
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return image.resize(size, resample)
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def deform(image, deformer, resample=Image.BILINEAR):
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"""
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Deform the image.
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:param image: The image to deform.
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:param deformer: A deformer object. Any object that implements a
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``getmesh`` method can be used.
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:param resample: An optional resampling filter. Same values possible as
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in the PIL.Image.transform function.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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return image.transform(image.size, Image.MESH, deformer.getmesh(image), resample)
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def equalize(image, mask=None):
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"""
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Equalize the image histogram. This function applies a non-linear
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mapping to the input image, in order to create a uniform
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distribution of grayscale values in the output image.
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:param image: The image to equalize.
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:param mask: An optional mask. If given, only the pixels selected by
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the mask are included in the analysis.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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if image.mode == "P":
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image = image.convert("RGB")
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h = image.histogram(mask)
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lut = []
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for b in range(0, len(h), 256):
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histo = [_f for _f in h[b : b + 256] if _f]
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if len(histo) <= 1:
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lut.extend(list(range(256)))
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else:
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step = (functools.reduce(operator.add, histo) - histo[-1]) // 255
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if not step:
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lut.extend(list(range(256)))
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else:
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n = step // 2
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for i in range(256):
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lut.append(n // step)
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n = n + h[i + b]
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return _lut(image, lut)
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def expand(image, border=0, fill=0):
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"""
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Add border to the image
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:param image: The image to expand.
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:param border: Border width, in pixels.
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:param fill: Pixel fill value (a color value). Default is 0 (black).
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:return: An image.
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"""
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left, top, right, bottom = _border(border)
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width = left + image.size[0] + right
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height = top + image.size[1] + bottom
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out = Image.new(image.mode, (width, height), _color(fill, image.mode))
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out.paste(image, (left, top))
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return out
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def fit(image, size, method=Image.BICUBIC, bleed=0.0, centering=(0.5, 0.5)):
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"""
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Returns a sized and cropped version of the image, cropped to the
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requested aspect ratio and size.
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This function was contributed by Kevin Cazabon.
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:param image: The image to size and crop.
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:param size: The requested output size in pixels, given as a
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(width, height) tuple.
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:param method: What resampling method to use. Default is
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:py:attr:`PIL.Image.BICUBIC`. See :ref:`concept-filters`.
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:param bleed: Remove a border around the outside of the image from all
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four edges. The value is a decimal percentage (use 0.01 for
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one percent). The default value is 0 (no border).
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Cannot be greater than or equal to 0.5.
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:param centering: Control the cropping position. Use (0.5, 0.5) for
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center cropping (e.g. if cropping the width, take 50% off
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of the left side, and therefore 50% off the right side).
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(0.0, 0.0) will crop from the top left corner (i.e. if
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cropping the width, take all of the crop off of the right
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side, and if cropping the height, take all of it off the
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bottom). (1.0, 0.0) will crop from the bottom left
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corner, etc. (i.e. if cropping the width, take all of the
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crop off the left side, and if cropping the height take
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none from the top, and therefore all off the bottom).
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:return: An image.
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"""
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# by Kevin Cazabon, Feb 17/2000
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# kevin@cazabon.com
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# http://www.cazabon.com
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# ensure centering is mutable
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centering = list(centering)
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if not 0.0 <= centering[0] <= 1.0:
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centering[0] = 0.5
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if not 0.0 <= centering[1] <= 1.0:
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centering[1] = 0.5
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if not 0.0 <= bleed < 0.5:
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bleed = 0.0
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# calculate the area to use for resizing and cropping, subtracting
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# the 'bleed' around the edges
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# number of pixels to trim off on Top and Bottom, Left and Right
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bleed_pixels = (bleed * image.size[0], bleed * image.size[1])
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live_size = (
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image.size[0] - bleed_pixels[0] * 2,
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image.size[1] - bleed_pixels[1] * 2,
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)
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# calculate the aspect ratio of the live_size
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live_size_ratio = live_size[0] / live_size[1]
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# calculate the aspect ratio of the output image
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output_ratio = size[0] / size[1]
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# figure out if the sides or top/bottom will be cropped off
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if live_size_ratio == output_ratio:
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# live_size is already the needed ratio
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crop_width = live_size[0]
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crop_height = live_size[1]
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elif live_size_ratio >= output_ratio:
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# live_size is wider than what's needed, crop the sides
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crop_width = output_ratio * live_size[1]
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crop_height = live_size[1]
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else:
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# live_size is taller than what's needed, crop the top and bottom
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crop_width = live_size[0]
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crop_height = live_size[0] / output_ratio
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# make the crop
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crop_left = bleed_pixels[0] + (live_size[0] - crop_width) * centering[0]
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crop_top = bleed_pixels[1] + (live_size[1] - crop_height) * centering[1]
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crop = (crop_left, crop_top, crop_left + crop_width, crop_top + crop_height)
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# resize the image and return it
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return image.resize(size, method, box=crop)
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def flip(image):
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"""
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Flip the image vertically (top to bottom).
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:param image: The image to flip.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM)
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def grayscale(image):
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"""
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Convert the image to grayscale.
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:param image: The image to convert.
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:return: An image.
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"""
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return image.convert("L")
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def invert(image):
|
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"""
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||
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Invert (negate) the image.
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:param image: The image to invert.
|
||
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:return: An image.
|
||
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"""
|
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lut = []
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for i in range(256):
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lut.append(255 - i)
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return _lut(image, lut)
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||
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def mirror(image):
|
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|
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"""
|
||
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Flip image horizontally (left to right).
|
||
|
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:param image: The image to mirror.
|
||
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:return: An image.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
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|
return image.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
|
||
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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def posterize(image, bits):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Reduce the number of bits for each color channel.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param image: The image to posterize.
|
||
|
|
:param bits: The number of bits to keep for each channel (1-8).
|
||
|
|
:return: An image.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
lut = []
|
||
|
|
mask = ~(2 ** (8 - bits) - 1)
|
||
|
|
for i in range(256):
|
||
|
|
lut.append(i & mask)
|
||
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|
return _lut(image, lut)
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
|
def solarize(image, threshold=128):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
Invert all pixel values above a threshold.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param image: The image to solarize.
|
||
|
|
:param threshold: All pixels above this greyscale level are inverted.
|
||
|
|
:return: An image.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
lut = []
|
||
|
|
for i in range(256):
|
||
|
|
if i < threshold:
|
||
|
|
lut.append(i)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
lut.append(255 - i)
|
||
|
|
return _lut(image, lut)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def exif_transpose(image):
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
If an image has an EXIF Orientation tag, return a new image that is
|
||
|
|
transposed accordingly. Otherwise, return a copy of the image.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param image: The image to transpose.
|
||
|
|
:return: An image.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
exif = image.getexif()
|
||
|
|
orientation = exif.get(0x0112)
|
||
|
|
method = {
|
||
|
|
2: Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT,
|
||
|
|
3: Image.ROTATE_180,
|
||
|
|
4: Image.FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM,
|
||
|
|
5: Image.TRANSPOSE,
|
||
|
|
6: Image.ROTATE_270,
|
||
|
|
7: Image.TRANSVERSE,
|
||
|
|
8: Image.ROTATE_90,
|
||
|
|
}.get(orientation)
|
||
|
|
if method is not None:
|
||
|
|
transposed_image = image.transpose(method)
|
||
|
|
del exif[0x0112]
|
||
|
|
transposed_image.info["exif"] = exif.tobytes()
|
||
|
|
return transposed_image
|
||
|
|
return image.copy()
|